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缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕欙細缇庡缇庨珨缍插熀浜庝簰鑱�(li谩n)缍诧紝浠ュ寘鍚編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍茬珯銆佸鎴剁绛夊湪鍏х殑鍚勭ó褰㈡厠(t脿i)锛堝寘鎷湭渚嗘妧琛撶櫦(f膩)灞曞嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬柊鐨勬湇鍕欏舰鎱�(t脿i)锛夊悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑鍚勯爡鏈嶅嫏銆�

缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿(gu墨)鍓囷細鍖呮嫭鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬牷閬撳収宸茬稉鐧�(f膩)甯冨強鍚庣簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鍏ㄩ儴瑕�(gu墨)鍓囥€佽В璁€銆佸叕鍛婄瓑鍏у浠ュ強鍚勫钩鑷哄湪骞淳銆佽珫澹�銆佸公鍔╀腑蹇冨収鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鍚勯瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆佸鏂界窗鍓�銆佺敘鍝佹祦绋嬭鏄�銆佸叕鍛婄瓑銆�

浜�銆佸崝(xi茅)璀拌寖鍦�

2.1 绨界磩涓婚珨

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銆愪富楂斾俊鎭€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍撶嚐鑰呮槸鎸囩稉鐕熺編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鐨勫悇娉曞緥涓婚珨锛屾偍鍙毃鏅傛煡鐪嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍚勭恫绔欓闋佸簳閮ㄥ叕绀虹殑璀夌収淇℃伅浠ョ⒑瀹氳垏鎮ㄥ饱绱勭殑缇庡缇庨珨缍蹭富楂�銆傛湰鍗�(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬶紝 缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷虹稉鐕熻€呭彲鑳芥牴鎿氱編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鐨勬キ(y猫)鍕欒鏁磋€岀櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鏇�锛岃畩鏇村悗鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍撶嚐鑰呰垏鎮ㄥ叡鍚屽饱琛屾湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板苟鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鏈嶅嫏锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍撶嚐鑰呯殑璁婃洿涓嶆渻褰遍熆鎮ㄦ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬬殑娆婄泭銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍撶嚐鑰呴倓鏈夊彲鑳藉洜鐐烘彁渚涙柊鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏鑰屾柊澧�锛屽鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ柊澧炵殑缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕欑殑锛岃鐐烘偍鍚屾剰鏂板鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭缍撶嚐鑰呰垏鎮ㄥ叡鍚屽饱琛屾湰鍗�(xi茅)璀般€傜櫦(f膩)鐢熺埈璀版檪锛屾偍鍙牴鎿氭偍鍏烽珨浣跨敤鐨勬湇鍕欏強灏嶆偍娆婄泭鐢㈢敓褰遍熆鐨勫叿楂旇鐐哄皪璞＄⒑瀹氳垏鎮ㄥ饱绱勭殑涓婚珨鍙婄埈璀扮浉灏嶆柟銆�

2.2 瑁滃厖鍗�(xi茅)璀�

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涓夈€佽超鎴舵敞鍐婅垏浣跨敤

3.1 鐢ㄦ埗璩囨牸

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3.2 璩埗瑾槑

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銆愯超鎴朵娇鐢ㄣ€戞偍鏈夋瑠浣跨敤鎮ㄨō缃垨纰鸿獚鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏈冨摗鍚嶃€侀兊绠�銆佹墜姗熻櫉纰硷紙浠ヤ笅绨＄ū鈥滆超鎴跺悕绋扁€濓級鍙婃偍瑷疆鐨勫瘑纰硷紙璩埗鍚嶇ū鍙婂瘑纰煎悎绋扁€滆超鎴垛€濓級鐧婚寗缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷�銆�

鐢变簬鎮ㄧ殑缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿超鎴堕棞鑱�(li谩n)鎮ㄧ殑鍊嬩汉淇℃伅鍙婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍟嗘キ(y猫)淇℃伅锛屾偍鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭璩埗鍍呴檺鎮ㄦ湰浜轰娇鐢�銆傛湭缍撶編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍚屾剰锛屾偍鐩存帴鎴栭枔鎺ユ巿娆婄涓夋柟浣跨敤鎮ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭璩埗鎴栫嵅鍙栨偍璩埗闋呬笅淇℃伅鐨勮鐐虹劇鏁堛€傚缇庡缇庨珨缍叉牴鎿氱編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦腑绱勫畾鐨勯仌绱勮獚瀹氱▼搴忓強妯欐簴鍒ゆ柗鎮ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭璩埗鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ彲鑳藉嵄鍙婃偍鐨勮超鎴跺畨鍏ㄥ強/鎴栫編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭淇℃伅瀹夊叏鐨�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍙嫆绲曟彁渚涚浉鎳夋湇鍕欐垨绲傛鏈崝(xi茅)璀�銆�

銆愯超鎴惰綁璁撱€戠敱浜庣敤鎴惰超鎴堕棞鑱�(li谩n)鐢ㄦ埗淇＄敤淇℃伅锛屽儏鐣舵湁娉曞緥鏄庢枃瑕�(gu墨)瀹�銆佸徃娉曡瀹氭垨缍撶編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍚屾剰锛屽苟绗﹀悎缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿(gu墨)鍓囪(gu墨)瀹氱殑鐢ㄦ埗璩埗杞夎畵娴佺▼鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛屾偍鍙€茶璩埗鐨勮綁璁撱€傛偍鐨勮超鎴朵竴缍撹綁璁�锛岃┎璩埗闋呬笅娆婂埄缇╁嫏涓€骞惰綁绉�銆� 闄ゆ澶�锛屾偍鐨勮超鎴朵笉寰椾互浠讳綍鏂瑰紡杞夎畵锛屽惁鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈夋瑠杩界┒鎮ㄧ殑閬曠磩璨换锛屼笖鐢辨鐢㈢敓鐨勮铂浠诲強鍚庢灉鍧囩敱鎮ㄨ嚜琛屾壙鎿�銆�

銆愪笉娲昏簫璩埗鍥炴敹銆�濡傛偍鐨勮超鎴跺悓鏅傜鍚堜互涓嬫浠讹紝鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙洖鏀舵偍鐨勮超鎴�锛屾偍鐨勮超鎴跺皣涓嶈兘鍐嶇櫥閷勶紝鐩告噳鏈嶅嫏鍚屾檪绲傛锛�

锛堜竴锛夐€ｇ簩(x霉)鍏€嬫湀鏈敤浜庣櫥閷�锛�

锛堜簩锛変笉瀛樺湪鏈埌鏈熺殑鏈夋晥妤�(y猫)鍕欍€�

3.3 娉ㄥ唺淇℃伅绠＄悊

3.3.1 鐪熷鍚堟硶

銆愪俊鎭湡瀵︺€戝湪浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕欐檪锛屾偍鎳夌暥鎸夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭闋侀潰鐨勬彁绀烘簴纰哄畬鏁村湴鎻愪緵鎮ㄧ殑淇℃伅锛堝寘鎷偍鐨勫鍚嶅強闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃銆佽伅(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭便€佽伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€绛夛級锛屼互渚跨編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎴栧叾浠栫敤鎴惰垏鎮ㄨ伅(li谩n)绯�銆� 鎮ㄤ簡瑙ｅ苟鍚屾剰锛屾偍鏈夌京鍕欎繚鎸佹偍鎻愪緵淇℃伅鐨勭湡瀵︽€у強鏈夋晥鎬с€�

銆愭渻鍝″悕鐨勫悎娉曟€с€�鎮ㄨō缃殑缇庡缇庨珨缍叉渻鍝″悕涓嶅緱閬曞弽鍦嬪娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)鍙婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鐩搁棞瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬棞浜庢渻鍝″悕鐨勭鐞嗚(gu墨)瀹�锛屽惁鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙洖鏀舵偍鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏈冨摗鍚�銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏈冨摗鍚嶇殑鍥炴敹涓嶅奖闊挎偍浠ラ兊绠便€佹墜姗熻櫉纰肩櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭骞朵娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏銆�

3.3.2 鏇存柊缍

鎮ㄦ噳鐣跺強鏅傛洿鏂版偍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭紝鍦ㄦ硶寰嬫湁鏄庣⒑瑕�(gu墨)瀹氳姹傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫浣滅偤骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏鎻愪緵鑰呭繀闋堝皪閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄦ埗锛堝骞宠嚭璩ｅ绛夛級鐨勪俊鎭€茶鏍稿鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏囦緷娉曚笉鏅傚湴灏嶆偍鐨勪俊鎭€茶妾㈡煡鏍稿锛屾偍鎳夌暥閰嶅悎鎻愪緵鏈€鏂�銆佺湡瀵�銆佸畬鏁淬€佹湁鏁堢殑淇℃伅銆�
濡傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎸夋偍鏈€鍚庝竴娆℃彁渚涚殑淇℃伅鑸囨偍鑱�(li谩n)绯绘湭鏋�銆佹偍鏈寜缇庡缇庨珨缍茬殑瑕佹眰鍙婃檪鎻愪緵淇℃伅銆佹偍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭瓨鍦ㄦ槑椤笉瀵︽垨琛屾斂鍙告硶姗熼棞鏍稿鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑淇℃伅鐒℃晥鐨�锛屾偍灏囨壙鎿斿洜姝ゅ皪鎮ㄨ嚜韬€佷粬浜哄強缇庡缇庨珨缍查€犳垚鐨勫叏閮ㄦ悕澶辫垏涓嶅埄鍚庢灉銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙悜鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑鸿鍟忔垨瑕佹眰鏁存敼鐨勯€氱煡锛屽苟瑕佹眰鎮ㄩ€茶閲嶆柊瑾嶈瓑锛岀洿鑷充腑姝€€佺祩姝㈠皪鎮ㄦ彁渚涢儴鍒嗘垨鍏ㄩ儴缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏嶆涓嶆壙鎿旇铂浠汇€�

3.4 璩埗瀹夊叏瑕�(gu墨)鑼�

銆愯超鎴跺畨鍏ㄤ繚绠＄京鍕欍€戞偍鐨勮超鎴剁偤鎮ㄨ嚜琛岃ō缃苟鐢辨偍淇濈锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫浠讳綍鏅傚€欏潎涓嶆渻涓诲嫊瑕佹眰鎮ㄦ彁渚涙偍鐨勮超鎴跺瘑纰�銆傚洜姝わ紝寤鸿鎮ㄥ嫏蹇呬繚绠″ソ鎮ㄧ殑璩埗锛屽苟纰轰繚鎮ㄥ湪姣忓€嬩笂缍叉檪娈电祼鏉熸檪閫€鍑虹櫥閷勫苟浠ユ纰烘椹熼洟闁嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭銆�

璩埗鍥犳偍涓诲嫊娉勯湶鎴栧洜鎮ㄩ伃鍙椾粬浜烘敾鎿娿€佽⿶楱欑瓑琛岀偤灏庤嚧鐨勬悕澶卞強鍚庢灉锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞朵笉鎵挎摂璨换锛屾偍鎳夐€氶亷鍙告硶銆佽鏀跨瓑鏁戞繜閫斿緫鍚戜镜娆婅鐐轰汉杩藉劅銆�

銆愯超鎴惰鐐鸿铂浠昏嚜璨犮€戦櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍插瓨鍦ㄩ亷閷锛屾偍鎳夊皪鎮ㄨ超鎴堕爡涓嬬殑鎵€鏈夎鐐虹祼鏋滐紙鍖呮嫭浣嗕笉闄愪簬鍦ㄧ窔绨界讲鍚勯鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冧俊鎭�銆佽臣璨峰晢鍝佸強鏈嶅嫏鍙婃姭闇蹭俊鎭瓑锛夎矤璨€�

銆愭棩甯哥董璀烽爤鐭ャ€戝鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠讳綍鏈稉鎺堟瑠浣跨敤鎮ㄨ超鎴剁櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鎴栧叾浠栧彲鑳藉皫鑷存偍璩埗閬珚銆侀伜澶辩殑鎯呮硜锛屽缓璀版偍绔嬪嵆閫氱煡缇庡缇庨珨缍�銆�鎮ㄧ悊瑙ｇ編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏嶆偍鐨勪换浣曡珛姹傞噰鍙栬鍕曞潎闇€瑕佸悎鐞嗘檪闁擄紝涓旂編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎳夋偍璜嬫眰鑰岄噰鍙栫殑琛屽嫊鍙兘鐒℃硶閬垮厤鎴栭樆姝镜瀹冲悗鏋滅殑褰㈡垚鎴栨摯澶�锛岄櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍插瓨鍦ㄦ硶瀹氶亷閷锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫涓嶆壙鎿旇铂浠�銆�

鍥�銆佺編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏鍙婅(gu墨)鑼�

銆愭湇鍕欐娉併€戞偍鏈夋瑠鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婁韩鍙楀晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑鐎忚銆佹敹钘�銆佽臣璨疯垏瑭曞児銆佷氦鏄撶埈璀拌檿鐞�銆佷俊鎭氦娴佸鍟忕瓟鍙婂垎浜瓑鏈嶅嫏銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕欏収瀹圭溇澶�锛屽叿楂旀偍鍙櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鐎忚銆�

4.1 鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑鐎忚銆佹敹钘�

鍦ㄦ偍鐎忚鎴戝€戠恫绔欐垨瀹㈡埗绔殑閬庣▼涓紝缇庡缇庨珨缍茬偤鎮ㄦ彁渚涗簡淇℃伅鍒嗛銆侀棞閸佃妾㈢储銆佺閬�銆佹敹钘忓強闂滄敞绛夊姛鑳斤紝浠ユ洿濂藉湴鍖归厤鎮ㄧ殑闇€姹�銆� 鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ皪鎮ㄦ劅鑸堣叮鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欓€茶鏀惰棌銆佹坊鍔犺嚦璩肩墿杌�锛岄棞娉ㄦ偍鎵€鎰熻垐瓒ｇ殑搴楅嫪/鍝佺墝绛�銆�

4.2 鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑璩艰卜鑸囪⿻鍍�

銆愬晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑璩艰卜銆戠暥鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿臣璨峰晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欐檪锛岃珛鎮ㄥ嫏蹇呬粩绱扮⒑瑾嶆墍璩煎晢鍝佺殑鍝佸悕銆佸児鏍�銆佹暩(sh霉)閲�銆佸瀷铏�銆佽(gu墨)鏍�銆佸昂瀵告垨鏈嶅嫏鐨勬檪闁�銆佸収瀹�銆侀檺鍒舵€ц姹傜瓑閲嶈浜嬮爡锛屽苟鍦ㄤ笅鍠檪鏍稿鎮ㄧ殑鑱�(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€銆侀浕瑭�銆佹敹璨ㄤ汉绛変俊鎭€�濡傛偍濉鐨勬敹璨ㄤ汉闈炴偍鏈汉锛屽墖瑭叉敹璨ㄤ汉鐨勮鐐哄拰鎰忔€濊〃绀虹敘鐢熺殑娉曞緥鍚庢灉鍧囩敱鎮ㄦ壙鎿�銆�
鎮ㄧ殑璩艰卜琛岀偤鎳夌暥鍩轰簬鐪熷鐨勬秷璨婚渶姹傦紝涓嶅緱瀛樺湪灏嶅晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欏鏂芥儭鎰忚臣璨�銆佹儭鎰忕董娆婄瓑鎿句簜缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘甯镐氦鏄撶З搴忕殑琛岀偤銆� 鍩轰簬缍缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷轰氦鏄撶З搴忓強浜ゆ槗瀹夊叏鐨勯渶瑕�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓婅堪鎯呭舰鏅傚彲涓诲嫊鍩�(zh铆)琛岄棞闁夌浉闂滀氦鏄撹▊鍠瓑鎿嶄綔銆�

銆愯⿻鍍广€戞偍鏈夋瑠鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鎻愪緵鐨勮⿻鍍圭郴绲�(t菕ng)涓皪鑸囨偍閬旀垚浜ゆ槗鐨勫叾浠栫敤鎴跺晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欓€茶瑭曞児銆傛偍鎳夌暥鐞嗚В锛屾偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鐨勮⿻鍍逛俊鎭槸鍏枊鐨�锛屽鎮ㄤ笉鎰挎剰鍦ㄨ⿻鍍逛俊鎭腑鍚戝叕鐪炬姭闇叉偍鐨勮韩浠戒俊鎭紝鎮ㄦ湁娆婇伕鎿囬€氶亷鍖垮悕褰㈠紡鐧�(f膩)琛ㄨ⿻鍍瑰収瀹�銆�
鐐虹⒑淇濊⿻鍍瑰収瀹硅兘鐐烘秷璨昏€呰臣鐗╂焙绛栨彁渚涘彲闈犵殑渚濇摎锛屽弽鏄犲晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑鐪熷鎯呮硜锛屾偍鐨勬墍鏈夎⿻鍍硅鐐烘噳閬靛畧缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿(gu墨)鍓囩殑鐩搁棞瑕�(gu墨)瀹�锛岃⿻鍍瑰収瀹规噳鐣跺悎娉�銆佸瑙€銆佺湡瀵�锛岃垏浜ゆ槗鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欏叿鏈夐棞鑱�(li谩n)鎬э紝涓斾笉鎳夊寘鍚换浣曟薄瑷€绌㈣獮銆佽壊鎯呬綆淇椼€佸唬鍛婁俊鎭強娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)鑸囨湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板垪鏄庣殑鍏朵粬绂佹鎬т俊鎭�锛涙偍涓嶆噳浠ヤ笉姝ｇ暥鏂瑰紡骞姪浠栦汉鎻愬崌淇＄敤鎴栧埄鐢ㄨ⿻鍍规瑠鍒╁皪鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埗瀵︽柦濞佽剠銆佹暡瑭愬嫆绱�銆�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲鎸夌収缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷鸿(gu墨)鍓囩殑鐩搁棞瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬皪鎮ㄥ鏂戒笂杩拌鐐烘墍鐢㈢敓鐨勮⿻鍍逛俊鎭噰鍙栧繀瑕佽檿缃帾鏂�銆�

4.3 浜ゆ槗鐖铏曠悊

銆愪氦鏄撶埈璀拌檿鐞嗛€斿緫銆戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭浜ゆ槗閬庣▼涓垏鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埗鐧�(f膩)鐢熺埈璀扮殑锛屾偍鎴栧叾浠栫敤鎴朵腑浠讳綍涓€鏂瑰潎鏈夋瑠閬告搰浠ヤ笅閫斿緫瑙ｆ焙锛�

锛堜竴锛夎垏鐖鐩稿皪鏂硅嚜涓诲崝(xi茅)鍟�锛�

锛堜簩锛変娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鎻愪緵鐨勭埈璀拌铏曟湇鍕�锛�

锛堜笁锛夎珛姹傛秷璨昏€呭崝(xi茅)鏈冩垨鑰呭叾浠栦緷娉曟垚绔嬬殑瑾胯В绲勭箶瑾胯В锛�

锛堝洓锛夊悜鏈夐棞琛屾斂閮ㄩ杸鎶曡ù锛�

锛堜簲锛夋牴鎿氳垏鐖鐩稿皪鏂归仈鎴愮殑浠茶鍗�(xi茅)璀帮紙濡傛湁锛夋彁璜嬩徊瑁佹妲嬩徊瑁�锛�

锛堝叚锛夊悜浜烘皯娉曢櫌鎻愯捣瑷磋銆�

4.4 淇℃伅浜ゆ祦

鐐烘豢瓒崇敤鎴堕枔鍒嗕韩璩肩墿蹇冨緱绛変俊鎭氦娴侀渶姹傦紝鎮ㄥ彲閫氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍叉彁渚涚殑鍟忕瓟銆佹洭鍠垎浜�銆佽珫澹�銆佺兢绲勫強鍏朵粬淇℃伅鐧�(f膩)甯冨姛鑳介€茶瑭曡珫銆佸洖寰�銆佺暀瑷€銆佸綀骞�銆侀粸璐婄瓑鍏枊鐧�(f膩)甯冧俊鎭強鑸囧叾浠栫敤鎴朵簰鍕曪紝淇℃伅鐨勫舰寮忓寘鎷枃瀛�銆佸湒鐗囥€佽闋�銆佺洿鎾収瀹广€佽〃鎯�銆佺铏熺瓑锛屾偍闋堢⒑淇濇偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鎵€鏈変俊鎭潎绗﹀悎鐩搁棞娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)鍙婃湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑瑕佹眰銆�

4.5 璨挎槗闄愬埗

閲濆皪閫氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷哄彇寰楃殑鍟嗗搧銆佹湇鍕�銆佽粺浠跺強鎶€琛擄紙鍖呮嫭缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘彁渚涚殑杌熶欢鍙婃妧琛擄級锛屾偍鎵胯閬靛畧鎵€鏈夐仼鐢ㄧ殑閫插嚭鍙ｇ鍒�銆佽部鏄撻檺鍒惰垏缍撴繜鍒惰鐩搁棞娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)銆傚熀浜庣董璀风編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭浜ゆ槗绉╁簭鍙婁氦鏄撳畨鍏ㄧ殑闇€瑕�锛屽鎮ㄩ仌鍙嶅墠杩版壙璜剧殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙湪鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓婅堪鎯呭舰鏅備富鍕曞煼(zh铆)琛岄棞闁夌浉闂滀氦鏄撹▊鍠強浣滃嚭璩埗铏曠疆绛夋搷浣溿€�

4.6 璨荤敤

缇庡缇庨珨缍茬偤缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷哄悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑鏈嶅嫏浠樺嚭浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鎴愭湰锛岄櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘槑绀虹殑鏀惰不妤�(y猫)鍕欏锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕欑洰鍓嶆槸鍏嶈不鐨�銆傚鏈締缇庡缇庨珨缍插悜鎮ㄦ敹鍙栧悎鐞嗚不鐢�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏈冮噰鍙栧悎鐞嗛€斿緫骞朵互瓒冲鍚堢悊鐨勬湡闄愭彁鍓嶉€氶亷娉曞畾绋嬪簭骞朵互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�锛岀⒑淇濇偍鏈夊厖鍒嗛伕鎿囩殑娆婂埄銆�

4.7 璨换闄愬埗

銆愪笉鍙姉鍔涘強绗笁鏂瑰師鍥犮€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫渚濈収娉曞緥瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬饱琛屽熀绀庝繚闅滅京鍕欙紝浣嗗皪浜庝笅杩板師鍥犲皫鑷寸殑鍚堝悓灞ヨ闅滅銆佸饱琛岀憰鐤点€佸饱琛屽欢鍚庢垨灞ヨ鍏у璁婃洿绛夋儏褰�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞朵笉鎵挎摂鐩告噳鐨勯仌绱勮铂浠伙細

锛堜竴锛夊洜鑷劧鐏藉銆佺椒宸�銆佹毚浜�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐖�銆佹斂搴滆鐐�銆佸徃娉曡鏀垮懡浠ょ瓑涓嶅彲鎶楀姏鍥犵礌锛�

锛堜簩锛夊洜闆诲姏渚涙噳鏁呴殰銆侀€氳▕缍茬怠鏁呴殰绛夊叕鍏辨湇鍕欏洜绱犳垨绗笁浜哄洜绱�锛�

锛堜笁锛夊湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插凡鐩″杽鎰忕鐞嗙殑鎯呮硜涓�锛屽洜甯歌(gu墨)鎴栫穵鎬ョ殑瑷倷鑸囩郴绲�(t菕ng)缍銆佽ō鍌欒垏绯荤当(t菕ng)鏁呴殰銆佺恫绲′俊鎭垏鏁�(sh霉)鎿氬畨鍏ㄧ瓑鍥犵礌銆�

銆愭捣閲忎俊鎭€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍍呭悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏锛屾偍浜嗚В缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷轰笂鐨勪俊鎭郴鐢ㄦ埗鑷鐧�(f膩)甯�锛屼笖鍙兘瀛樺湪棰ㄩ毆鍜岀憰鐤�銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏囬€氶亷渚濇硶寤虹珛鐩搁棞妾㈡煡鐩�(ji膩n)鎺у埗搴︾洝鍙兘淇濋殰鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷轰笂鐨勫悎娉曟瑠鐩婂強鑹ソ楂旈銆傚悓鏅傦紝閼掍簬缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷哄叿鍌欏瓨鍦ㄦ捣閲忎俊鎭強淇℃伅缍茬怠鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧笅淇℃伅鑸囧鐗╃浉鍒嗛洟鐨勭壒榛�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鐒℃硶閫愪竴瀵╂煡鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑淇℃伅锛岀劇娉曢€愪竴瀵╂煡浜ゆ槗鎵€娑夊強鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕欑殑璩噺銆佸畨鍏ㄤ互鍙婂悎娉曟€�銆佺湡瀵︽€с€佹簴纰烘€�锛屽皪姝ゆ偍鎳夎鎱庡垽鏂�銆�

浜�銆佺敤鎴朵俊鎭殑淇濊鍙婃巿娆�

5.1 鍊嬩汉淇℃伅鐨勪繚璀�

缇庡缇庨珨缍查潪甯搁噸瑕栫敤鎴跺€嬩汉淇℃伅锛堝嵆鑳藉鐛ㄧ珛鎴栬垏鍏朵粬淇℃伅绲愬悎鍚庤瓨鍒ョ敤鎴惰韩浠界殑淇℃伅锛夌殑淇濊锛屽湪鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕欐檪锛屾偍鍚屾剰缇庡缇庨珨缍叉寜鐓у湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷轰笂鍏竷鐨勯毐绉佹瑠鏀跨瓥鏀堕泦銆佸瓨鍎层€佷娇鐢�銆佹姭闇插拰淇濊鎮ㄧ殑鍊嬩汉淇℃伅銆�

5.2 闈炲€嬩汉淇℃伅鐨勪繚璀夎垏鎺堟瑠

銆愪俊鎭殑鐧�(f膩)甯冦€戞偍鑱叉槑骞朵繚璀�锛屾偍灏嶆偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅鎿佹湁鐩告噳銆佸悎娉曠殑娆婂埄锛屾偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅鍙婂鏂界殑琛岀偤鍧囩鍚堢浉闂滄硶寰嬫硶瑕�(gu墨)銆佸湅瀹跺挤鍒舵€ф婧栬姹傚強鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮磩瀹�锛屽苟涓旀偍灏嶆偍鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅璨犳湁绠＄悊缇╁嫏锛屽皪鍏朵腑鎮ㄩ仌鍙嶇浉闂滄硶寰嬫硶瑕�(gu墨)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬強鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮磩瀹氱殑淇℃伅鎳夌珛鍗冲埅闄ゃ€傚惁鍓�锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲灏嶆偍鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅渚濇硶鎴栦緷鏈崝(xi茅)璀伴€茶鍒櫎鎴栧睆钄�銆�

銆愮姝㈡€т俊鎭€�鎮ㄦ噳鐣剁⒑淇濇偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅涓嶅寘鍚互涓嬪収瀹癸細

锛堜竴锛夊弽灏嶆啿娉曟墍纰哄畾鐨勫熀鏈師鍓囩殑锛�

锛堜簩锛夊嵄瀹冲湅瀹跺畨鍏�锛屾硠闇插湅瀹剁瀵嗭紝椤涜鍦嬪鏀挎瑠锛岀牬澹炲湅瀹剁当(t菕ng)涓€锛屾悕瀹冲湅瀹舵Ξ璀藉拰鍒╃泭鐨勶紱

锛堜笁锛夊鎻氭亹鎬栦富缇�銆佹サ绔富缇╂垨鑰呯吔鍕曞鏂芥亹鎬栨椿鍕�銆佹サ绔富缇╂椿鍕曠殑锛�

锛堝洓锛夌吔鍕曟皯鏃忎粐鎭�銆佹皯鏃忔瑕�锛岀牬澹炴皯鏃忓湗绲愮殑锛�

锛堜簲锛夌吔鍕曞湴鍩熸瑕栥€佸湴鍩熶粐鎭�銆佷汉缇ゆ瑕栫殑锛�

锛堝叚锛夌牬澹炲湅瀹跺畻鏁欐斂绛�锛屽鎻氶偑鏁欏拰灏佸缓杩蜂俊鐨�锛�

锛堜竷锛夋鏇层€佷笐鍖�銆佽せ鐎嗐€佸惁瀹氳嫳闆勭儓澹簨璺″拰绮剧锛屼互渚颈銆佽璎楁垨鑰呭叾浠栨柟寮忎镜瀹宠嫳闆勭儓澹殑濮撳悕銆佽倴鍍�銆佸悕璀�銆佹Ξ璀界殑锛�

锛堝叓锛夋暎甯冩帆绌€€佽壊鎯�銆佽抄鍗�銆佹毚鍔涖€佸厙娈�銆佹亹鎬栨垨鑰呮暀鍞嗙姱缃殑锛�

锛堜節锛変井杈辨垨鑰呰璎椾粬浜�锛屼镜瀹充粬浜哄悕璀�銆侀毐绉�銆佽倴鍍忋€佺煡璀樼敘娆婂拰鍏朵粬鍚堟硶娆婄泭鐨�锛�

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锛堝崄涓€锛夊皪浠栦汉閫茶鏆村姏鎭愬殗銆佸▉鑴呯殑锛�

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锛堝崄涔濓級涓嶇暥瑭曡堪鑷劧鐏藉銆侀噸澶т簨鏁呯瓑鐏介洠鐨�锛�

锛堜簩鍗侊級瀹ｆ彋浣庝織銆佸焊淇�銆佸獨淇楀収瀹圭殑鎴栧鎻氭嫓閲戠偒瀵岀瓑涓嶈壇鍏у鐨�锛�

锛堜簩鍗佷竴锛夊寘鍚亹鎬�銆佹毚鍔涜鑵�銆侀珮鍗遍毆鎬�銆佸嵄瀹宠〃婕旇€呰嚜韬垨浠栦汉韬績鍋ュ悍鍏у鐨�锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝互涓嬫儏褰細鑷鑷畼鏆村姏琛岀偤鐨勶紱濞佽剠鐢熷懡鍋ュ悍銆佸埄鐢ㄥ垁鍏风瓑鍗遍毆鍣ㄦ琛ㄦ紨鐨勫嵄鍙婅嚜韬垨浠栦汉浜鸿韩鍙�/鎴栬病鐢㈡瑠鍒╃殑鍏у锛涙叓鎭裤€佽獦灏庝粬浜哄弮鑸囧彲鑳芥渻閫犳垚浜鸿韩鍌峰鎴栧皫鑷存浜＄殑鍗遍毆鎴栭仌娉曟椿鍕曠殑鍏у锛�

锛堜簩鍗佷笁锛夊啋鍏呬粬浜烘垨鍒╃敤浠栦汉鐨勫悕缇╀娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫杌熶欢鏈嶅嫏鎴栧偝鎾换浣曚俊鎭�锛屾儭鎰忎娇鐢ㄦ敞鍐婅超铏熷皫鑷村叾浠栫敤鎴惰瑾嶇殑锛�

锛堜簩鍗佸洓锛夊瓨鍦ㄥ彲鑳界牬澹�銆佺鏀�銆佸埅闄�銆佸奖闊跨編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭浠讳綍绯荤当(t菕ng)姝ｅ父閬嬭鎴栨湭缍撴巿娆婄瀵嗙嵅鍙栫編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍙婂叾浠栫敤鎴剁殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿氥€佸€嬩汉璩囨枡鐨勭梾姣�銆佹湪棣€佺埇锜茬瓑鎯℃剰杌熶欢銆佺▼搴忎唬纰肩殑锛�

锛堜簩鍗佷簲锛夊叾浠栧皪缍茬怠鐢熸厠(t脿i)閫犳垚涓嶈壇褰遍熆鐨勫収瀹�锛屽強娉曞緥銆佽鏀挎硶瑕�(gu墨)绂佹鐨勫叾浠栧収瀹�銆�

銆愭巿娆婁娇鐢ㄣ€戝皪浜庢偍鎻愪緵銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冨強鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏涓舰鎴愮殑闄ゅ€嬩汉淇℃伅澶栫殑鏂囧瓧銆佸湒鐗�銆佽闋汇€侀煶闋荤瓑闈炲€嬩汉淇℃伅锛屽潎涓嶆渻鍥犱笂鍌�銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冪瓑琛岀偤鐧�(f膩)鐢熺煡璀樼敘娆�銆佽倴鍍忔瑠绛夋瑠鍒╃殑杞夌Щ锛岄櫎闈炴垜鍊戝彟琛岃鏄�锛屽湪娉曞緥鍏佽ū鐨勮寖鍦嶅収锛屾偍鍏嶈不鎺堜簣缇庡缇庨珨缍查潪鎺掍粬鐨�銆佺劇鍦板煙闄愬埗鐨勮ū鍙娇鐢紙鍖呮嫭瀛樺劜銆佷娇鐢�銆佸京鍒�銆佷慨瑷�銆佺法杓�銆佺櫦(f膩)甯�銆佸睍绀�銆佺炕璀�銆佸垎鐧�(f膩)涓婅堪淇℃伅鎴栧埗浣滄淳鐢熶綔鍝�锛屼互宸茬煡鎴栨棩鍚庨枊鐧�(f膩)鐨勫舰寮�銆佸獟楂旀垨鎶€琛撳皣涓婅堪淇℃伅绱嶅叆鍏跺畠浣滃搧鍏х瓑锛夊強鍙啀瑷卞彲绗笁鏂逛娇鐢ㄧ殑娆婂埄锛屼互鍙婂彲浠ヨ嚜韬悕缇╁皪绗笁鏂逛镜娆婅鐐哄彇璀夊強鎻愯捣瑷磋鐨勬瑠鍒�銆�

鍏�銆� 缇庡缇庨珨缍蹭唬鏀跺崝(xi茅)璀版娆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍插鎵樼涓夋柟鍏徃鏀舵锛岃┎鏀舵鍏徃涓嶆槸鐩存帴閵峰敭鏂癸紝涓嶆壙鎿斾换浣曢姺鍞鐐虹殑鐩存帴鎴栬€呴€ｅ付璨换銆�
涓�銆� 鐭ヨ瓨鐢㈡瑠
7.1 鏍规摎涓彲浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍦嬫湁闂滄硶寰�,娉曡(gu墨),瑕�(gu墨)绔犻棞浜庝繚璀风煡璀樼敘娆婄殑瑕�(gu墨)瀹�,鏈稉缇庡缇庨珨缍插悓鎰�,鍤寸浠讳綍寰╁埗鍜岃綁杓夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫缍茬珯鍏у鐨勮鐐�銆�
7.2缇庡缇庨珨缍茬恫绔�锛屽寘鎷�(浣嗕笉鍍呴檺浜�) 鏂囧瓧锛屽収瀹�锛岃粺浠�锛岄寗鍍忥紝闊虫▊锛岃伈闊�锛屽湒褰紝鐓х墖锛屽湒琛�锛岀編琛撹ō瑷堬紝鍦栫墖锛屽悕绋憋紝妯欒瓨锛屽晢妯欏拰/鎴栨湇鍕欐蹇楋紝浠ュ強鍏朵粬璩囨枡锛堜互涓嬬啊绋辩恫绔欏収瀹癸級閮藉彈鍒扮増娆婃硶锛屽晢妯欐硶鍜屼竴鍒囩煡璀樼敘娆婂叕绱勭殑淇濊銆傛湰缍茬珯鍏у鍖呮嫭缇庡缇庨珨缍叉墍鏈夋垨鎺у埗涓嬬殑鍏у鍜岀涓夋柟鎵€鏈夋垨鎺у埗涓�锛屽苟鎺堟瑠缇庡缇庨珨缍蹭娇鐢ㄧ殑鍏у銆傛墍鏈夊€嬩汉鏂囩珷銆佸牨閬撶瓑涓€鍒囨鎴愭湰缍茬珯鐨勫厓绱犻兘鍙兘鏄彈鐗堟瑠淇濊鐨勪綔鍝�銆傛偍鍚屾剰閬靛畧鎵€鏈夐仼鐢ㄦ湰缍茬珯鐨勭増娆婁繚璀锋硶寰嬫硶瑕�(gu墨)锛屼互鍙婃墍鏈夋湰缍茬珯鍖呭惈鐨勮鍏呮€х殑鐗堟瑠瑾槑鎴栭檺鍒�銆�

鏈恫绔欑殑浠讳綍鍏у閮戒笉鎳夎瑙ｉ噵鐐烘巿浜堜换浣曚汉浣跨敤鏈恫绔欐墍椤ず鐨勫晢妯欑殑瑷卞彲鎴栨瑠鍔涖€傞櫎闈炲湪鏈娇鐢ㄦ娆剧殑閬╃敤鑼冨湇鍏�锛屼竴鍒囧皪鏈恫绔欏晢妯欐垨鍏朵粬鍏у鐨勪娇鐢紙鎴栬鐢級閮藉皣琚毚鏍肩姝€€傚湪娉曞緥瑷卞彲鐨勬渶澶ц寖鍦嶅収锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏囩⿳妤典繚璀峰叾鐭ヨ瓨鐢㈡瑠锛屽寘鎷ù璜稿垜浜嬫硶寰�銆�
鍦ㄦ湭缍撶編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏇搁潰鎺堟瑠鍚屾剰鍓�锛屾偍涓嶈兘浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍茬殑浠讳綍鍟嗘鎴栧悕绋�銆傚苟涓旀偍纰鸿獚鎮ㄥ皪缇庡缇庨珨缍茬殑鍟嗘鍜屽悕绋变笉浜湁浠讳綍娆婂埄鍜屽埄鐩�銆�
鍦ㄥ涓嬫墍杩颁箣鎯呮硜鐧�(f膩)鐢熸檪锛屾偍鍚屾剰鐩″揩浠ユ浉闈㈢殑鏂瑰紡閫氱煡缇庡缇庨珨缍�銆傞€欎簺鎯呮硜鍖呮嫭锛氫换浣曚竴鏂规湭缍撹ū鍙€插叆鎴栨偍鐭ユ泬浠讳綍涓诲嫉鏈恫绔欐垨缍茬珯鍏у鐨勪换浣曢儴鍒嗕镜鐘簡浠讳綍涓€鏂圭殑娆婂埄锛屽寘鎷増娆�銆佸晢妯欐瑠锛屾垨鍏跺畠鍚堝悓鎬ф瑠鍒╂垨娉曞畾娆婂埄銆�

鏈恫绔欏嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勯櫎鏈叕鍙哥殑浠讳綍绗笁鏂圭殑鍟嗘锛屽潎灞簬绗笁鏂规墍鏈�銆�

鍏€佺敤鎴剁殑閬曠磩鍙婅檿鐞�

8.1 閬曠磩瑾嶅畾

鐧�(f膩)鐢熷涓嬫儏褰箣涓€鐨�锛岃鐐烘偍閬曠磩锛�

锛堜竴锛変娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏鏅傞仌鍙嶆湁闂滄硶寰嬫硶瑕�(gu墨)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑锛�

锛堜簩锛夐仌鍙嶆湰鍗�(xi茅)璀版垨鏈崝(xi茅)璀拌鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀帮紙鍗虫湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮2.2姊濓級绱勫畾鐨勩€�

鐐洪仼鎳夐浕瀛愬晢鍕欑櫦(f膩)灞曞拰婊胯冻娴烽噺鐢ㄦ埗灏嶉珮鏁堝劒(y艒u)璩湇鍕欑殑闇€姹�锛屾偍鐞嗚В骞跺悓鎰忥紝缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦腑绱勫畾閬曠磩瑾嶅畾鐨勭▼搴忓拰妯欐簴銆傚锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲渚濇摎鎮ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埗鏁�(sh霉)鎿氳垏娴烽噺鐢ㄦ埗鏁�(sh霉)鎿氱殑闂滅郴渚嗚獚瀹氭偍鏄惁妲嬫垚閬曠磩锛涙偍鏈夌京鍕欏皪鎮ㄧ殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿氱暟甯哥従(xi脿n)璞￠€茶鍏呭垎鑸夎瓑鍜屽悎鐞嗚В閲�锛屽惁鍓囧皣琚獚瀹氱偤閬曠磩銆�

8.2 閬曠磩铏曠悊鎺柦

銆愪俊鎭檿鐞嗐€戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婄櫦(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅妲嬫垚閬曠磩鐨�锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲鏍规摎鐩告噳瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩珛鍗冲皪鐩告噳淇℃伅閫茶鍒櫎銆佸睆钄借檿鐞�銆�

銆愯鐐洪檺鍒躲€戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婂鏂界殑琛岀偤锛屾垨闆栨湭鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婂鏂戒絾灏嶇編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鍙婂叾鐢ㄦ埗鐢㈢敓褰遍熆鐨勮鐐烘鎴愰仌绱勭殑锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲渚濇摎鐩告噳瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧皪鎮ㄥ煼(zh铆)琛岃超鎴舵墸鍒�銆佷腑姝㈠悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涢儴鍒嗘垨鍏ㄩ儴鏈嶅嫏銆佸妰鎵ｉ仌绱勯噾绛夎檿鐞嗘帾鏂�銆傚鎮ㄧ殑琛岀偤妲嬫垚鏍规湰閬曠磩鐨勶紝缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲鏌ュ皝鎮ㄧ殑璩埗锛岀祩姝㈠悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涙湇鍕�銆�

銆愯檿鐞嗙祼鏋滃叕绀恒€�缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲灏囧皪鎮ㄤ笂杩伴仌绱勮鐐鸿檿鐞嗘帾鏂戒俊鎭互鍙婂叾浠栫稉鍦嬪琛屾斂鎴栧徃娉曟闂滅敓鏁堟硶寰嬫枃鏇哥⒑瑾嶇殑閬曟硶淇℃伅鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婁簣浠ュ叕绀�銆�

8.3 璩犲劅璨换

濡傛偍鐨勮鐐轰娇缇庡缇庨珨缍查伃鍙楁悕澶憋紙鍖呮嫭鑷韩鐨勭洿鎺ョ稉婵熸悕澶便€佸晢璀芥悕澶卞強灏嶅鏀粯鐨勮碃鍎熼噾銆佸拰瑙ｆ銆佸緥甯不銆佽ù瑷熻不绛夐枔鎺ョ稉婵熸悕澶憋級锛屾偍鎳夎碃鍎熺編瀹圭編楂旂恫涓婅堪鍏ㄩ儴鎼嶅け銆�
濡傛偍鐨勮鐐轰娇缇庡缇庨珨缍查伃鍙楃涓変汉涓诲嫉娆婂埄锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙湪灏嶇涓変汉鎵挎摂閲戦將绲︿粯绛夌京鍕欏悗灏卞叏閮ㄦ悕澶卞悜鎮ㄨ拷鍎�銆�

8.4 鐗瑰垾绱勫畾

銆愬晢妤�(y猫)璩勮硞銆戝鎮ㄥ悜缇庡缇庨珨缍茬殑闆囧摗鎴栭¨鍟忕瓑鎻愪緵瀵︾墿銆佺従(xi脿n)閲�銆佺従(xi脿n)閲戠瓑鍍圭墿銆佸嫗鍕�銆佹梾娓哥瓑鍍瑰€兼槑椤秴鍑烘甯稿晢鍕欐唇璜囪寖鐤囩殑鍒╃泭锛屽墖鍙鐐烘偍瀛樺湪鍟嗘キ(y猫)璩勮硞琛岀偤銆�鐧�(f膩)鐢熶笂杩版儏褰㈢殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙珛鍗崇祩姝㈣垏鎮ㄧ殑鎵€鏈夊悎浣滃苟鍚戞偍鏀跺彇閬曠磩閲戝強/鎴栬碃鍎熼噾锛�瑭茬瓑閲戦浠ョ編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍥犳偍鐨勮硠璩傝鐐鸿€岄伃鍙楃殑缍撴繜鎼嶅け鍜屽晢璀芥悕澶变綔鐐鸿▓绠椾緷鎿氥€�
銆愰棞鑱�(li谩n)铏曠悊銆戝鎮ㄥ洜鍤撮噸閬曠磩灏庤嚧缇庡缇庨珨缍茬祩姝㈡湰鍗�(xi茅)璀版檪锛屽嚭浜庣董璀峰钩鑷虹З搴忓強淇濊娑堣不鑰呮瑠鐩婄殑鐩殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙皪鑸囨偍鍦ㄥ叾浠栧崝(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬬殑鍚堜綔閲囧彇涓鐢氭垨绲傛鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鎺柦锛屽苟浠ユ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�銆�

濡傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫鑸囨偍绨界讲鐨勫叾浠栧崝(xi茅)璀板強缇庡缇庨珨缍茶垏鎮ㄧ敖缃茬殑鍗�(xi茅)璀颁腑鏄庣⒑绱勫畾浜嗗皪鎮ㄥ湪鏈崝(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬪悎浣滈€茶闂滆伅(li谩n)铏曠悊鐨勬儏褰�锛屽墖缇庡缇庨珨缍插嚭浜庣董璀峰钩鑷虹З搴忕殑鐩殑锛屽彲鍦ㄦ敹鍒版寚浠ゆ檪涓鐢氳嚦绲傛鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽苟浠ユ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�銆�

銆愯臣璨烽爤鐭ャ€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鎵€鏈夊晢鍝佷俊鎭潎渚嗘簮浜庣浉鎳夌殑鐢熺敘寤犲锛岀増娆婃鐩告噳鐨勭敓鐢㈠粻瀹舵墍鏈�锛屾湰缍茬珯鎻愬強鐨勪换浣曞晢妯欏潎姝歌┎鍟嗘鎸佹湁浜烘墍鏈�銆傚叿楂斿寘鎷晢鍝佺殑璩噺銆佸寘瑁�銆佸湒鐗囥€佹枃瀛楁弿杩�銆佸敭鍚庢湇鍕欏強鍏舵墍闄勫爆鐨勭浉闂滄壙璜俱€傜敤鎴跺湪鏈稉缇庡缇庨珨缍插悓鎰忕殑鎯呮硜涓嬩笉寰楁搮鑷憳閷勬湰绔欐墍鏈夊湒鐗囧拰鏂囧瓧鍏у锛屽惁鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫鏈夎拷绌舵硶寰嬭铂浠荤殑娆婂埄銆�

鎮ㄥ湪鏈晢鍩庝笂璩艰卜鐨勫澶栧晢鍝佺瓑鍚屼簬澧冨璩艰卜銆�

鎮ㄨ臣璨风殑澧冨鍟嗗搧閬╃敤鐨勫搧璩€佸仴搴�銆佸畨鍏�銆佽(w猫i)鐢�銆佺挵(hu谩n)淇�銆佹璀樼瓑闋呯洰妯欐簴鑸囨垜鍦嬪ぇ闄稿湴鍗€(q奴)璩噺瀹夊叏妯欐簴鏈夋墍涓嶅悓锛屽湪浣跨敤閬庣▼涓敱姝ゅ彲鑳界敘鐢熺殑鍗卞鎴栨悕澶变互鍙婂叾浠栭ⅷ闅�锛屽皣鐢辨偍鍊嬩汉鎵挎摂銆�

鐢变簬鎮ㄦ墍璩艰卜鐨勫澶栧晢鍝佸緸鎴戝湅澶ч櫢锛堜笉鍚腐婢宠嚭锛変互澶栫殑鍦板崁(q奴)瑷傝臣锛屾晠鍙兘鐒′腑鏂囨绨藉強瑾槑鏇搞€�


涔濄€佸崝(xi茅)璀扮殑璁婃洿

缇庡缇庨珨缍插彲鏍规摎鍦嬪娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)璁婂寲鍙婄董璀蜂氦鏄撶З搴�銆佷繚璀锋秷璨昏€呮瑠鐩婇渶瑕�锛屼笉鏅備慨鏀规湰鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆佽鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀�锛岃畩鏇村悗鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀�銆佽鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀帮紙涓嬬ū鈥滆畩鏇翠簨闋呪€濓級灏囬€氶亷娉曞畾绋嬪簭骞朵互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�銆�
濡傛偍涓嶅悓鎰忚畩鏇翠簨闋咃紝鎮ㄦ湁娆婁簬璁婃洿浜嬮爡纰哄畾鐨勭敓鏁堟棩鍓嶈伅(li谩n)绯荤編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙嶉鎰忚銆傚鍙嶉鎰忚寰椾互閲囩磵锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫灏囬厡鎯呰鏁磋畩鏇翠簨闋�銆�

濡傛偍灏嶅凡鐢熸晥鐨勮畩鏇翠簨闋呬粛涓嶅悓鎰忕殑锛屾偍鎳夌暥浜庤畩鏇翠簨闋呯⒑瀹氱殑鐢熸晥涔嬫棩璧峰仠姝娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏锛岃畩鏇翠簨闋呭皪鎮ㄤ笉鐢㈢敓鏁堝姏锛涘鎮ㄥ湪璁婃洿浜嬮爡鐢熸晥鍚庝粛绻肩簩(x霉)浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕�锛屽墖瑕栫偤鎮ㄥ悓鎰忓凡鐢熸晥鐨勮畩鏇翠簨闋呫€�

鍗�銆侀€氱煡

10.1 鏈夋晥鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮�

鎮ㄥ湪娉ㄥ唺鎴愮偤缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷虹敤鎴�锛屽苟鎺ュ彈缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕欐檪锛屾偍鎳夎┎鍚戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫鎻愪緵鐪熷鏈夋晥鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忥紙鍖呮嫭鎮ㄧ殑闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃銆佽伅(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭�銆佽伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€绛夛級锛屽皪浜庤伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鏇寸殑锛屾偍鏈夌京鍕欏強鏅傛洿鏂版湁闂滀俊鎭紝骞朵繚鎸佸彲琚伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆�

缇庡缇庨珨缍插皣鍚戞偍鐨勪笂杩拌伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕殑鍏朵腑涔嬩竴鎴栧叾涓嫢骞插悜鎮ㄩ€侀仈鍚勯閫氱煡锛岃€屾椤為€氱煡鐨勫収瀹瑰彲鑳藉皪鎮ㄧ殑娆婂埄缇╁嫏鐢㈢敓閲嶅ぇ鐨勬湁鍒╂垨涓嶅埄褰遍熆锛岃珛鎮ㄥ嫏蹇呭強鏅傞棞娉ㄣ€�

鎮ㄦ湁娆婇€氶亷鎮ㄦ敞鍐婃檪濉鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰兼垨鑰呴浕瀛愰兊绠辩嵅鍙栨偍鎰熻垐瓒ｇ殑鍟嗗搧寤ｅ憡淇℃伅銆佷績閵峰劒(y艒u)鎯犵瓑鍟嗘キ(y猫)鎬т俊鎭�锛涙偍濡傛灉涓嶆効鎰忔帴鏀舵椤炰俊鎭�锛屾偍鏈夋瑠閫氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍叉彁渚涚殑鐩告噳鐨勯€€瑷傚姛鑳介€茶閫€瑷�銆�

10.2 閫氱煡鐨勯€侀仈

缇庡缇庨珨缍查€氶亷涓婅堪鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忓悜鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑洪€氱煡锛屽叾涓互闆诲瓙鐨勬柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鍑虹殑鏇搁潰閫氱煡锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庡湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷哄叕鍛�锛屽悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑鑱�(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭辩櫦(f膩)閫佹墜姗熺煭淇�锛屽悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃鐧�(f膩)閫侀浕瀛愰兊浠讹紝鍚戞偍鐨勮超铏熺櫦(f膩)閫佹椇鏃轰俊鎭�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)娑堟伅浠ュ強绔欏収淇′俊鎭紝鍦ㄧ櫦(f膩)閫佹垚鍔熷悗鍗宠鐐洪€侀仈锛涗互绱欒唱杓夐珨鐧�(f膩)鍑虹殑鏇搁潰閫氱煡锛屾寜鐓ф彁渚涜伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€浜ら兊鍚庣殑绗簲鍊嬭嚜鐒舵棩鍗宠鐐洪€侀仈銆�

灏嶄簬鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭涓婂洜浜ゆ槗娲诲嫊寮曡捣鐨勪换浣曠尘绱�锛屾偍鍚屾剰鍙告硶姗熼棞锛堝寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝汉姘戞硶闄級鍙互閫氶亷鎵嬫鐭俊銆侀浕瀛愰兊浠剁瓑鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｉ€氳▕鏂瑰紡鎴栭兊瀵勬柟寮忓悜鎮ㄩ€侀仈娉曞緥鏂囨浉锛堝寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庤ù瑷熸枃鏇革級銆傛偍鎸囧畾鎺ユ敹娉曞緥鏂囨浉鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰�銆侀浕瀛愰兊绠辩瓑鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕偤鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘敞鍐�銆佹洿鏂版檪鎻愪緵鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰笺€侀浕瀛愰兊绠辫伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮�锛屽徃娉曟闂滃悜涓婅堪鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鍑烘硶寰嬫枃鏇稿嵆瑕栫偤閫侀仈銆傛偍鎸囧畾鐨勯兊瀵勫湴鍧€鐐烘偍鐨勬硶瀹氳伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€鎴栨偍鎻愪緵鐨勬湁鏁堣伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€銆�

鎮ㄥ悓鎰忓徃娉曟闂滃彲閲囧彇浠ヤ笂涓€绋垨澶氱ó閫侀仈鏂瑰紡鍚戞偍閬旀硶寰嬫枃鏇�锛屽徃娉曟闂滈噰鍙栧绋柟寮忓悜鎮ㄩ€侀仈娉曞緥鏂囨浉锛岄€侀仈鏅傞枔浠ヤ笂杩伴€侀仈鏂瑰紡涓渶鍏堥€侀仈鐨勭偤婧�銆�

鎮ㄥ悓鎰忎笂杩伴€侀仈鏂瑰紡閬╃敤浜庡悇鍊嬪徃娉曠▼搴忛殠娈点€傚閫插叆瑷磋绋嬪簭鐨�锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝竴瀵�銆佷簩瀵�銆佸啀瀵�銆佸煼(zh铆)琛屼互鍙婄潱淇冪▼搴忕瓑銆�

浣犳噳鐣朵繚璀夋墍鎻愪緵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忔槸婧栫⒑銆佹湁鏁堢殑锛屽苟閫茶瀵︽檪鏇存柊銆傚鏋滃洜鎻愪緵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忎笉纰哄垏锛屾垨涓嶅強鏅傚憡鐭ヨ畩鏇村悗鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮�锛屼娇娉曞緥鏂囨浉鐒℃硶閫侀仈鎴栨湭鍙婃檪閫侀仈锛岀敱鎮ㄨ嚜琛屾壙鎿旂敱姝ゅ彲鑳界敘鐢熺殑娉曞緥鍚庢灉銆�

鍗佷竴銆佸崝(xi茅)璀扮殑绲傛

11.1 绲傛鐨勬儏褰�

銆愮敤鎴剁櫦(f膩)璧风殑绲傛銆戞偍鏈夋瑠閫氶亷浠ヤ笅浠讳竴鏂瑰紡绲傛鏈崝(xi茅)璀帮細

锛堜竴锛夊湪婊胯冻缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷哄叕绀虹殑璩埗娉ㄩ姺姊濅欢鏅傛偍閫氶亷缍茬珯鑷姪鏈嶅嫏娉ㄩ姺鎮ㄧ殑璩埗鐨�锛�

锛堜簩锛夎畩鏇翠簨闋呯敓鏁堝墠鎮ㄥ仠姝娇鐢ㄥ苟鏄庣ず涓嶆効鎺ュ彈璁婃洿浜嬮爡鐨�锛�

锛堜笁锛夋偍鏄庣ず涓嶆効绻肩簩(x霉)浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍插钩鑷烘湇鍕欙紝涓旂鍚堢編瀹圭編楂旂恫骞宠嚭绲傛姊濅欢鐨�銆�

銆愮編瀹圭編楂旂恫鐧�(f膩)璧风殑绲傛銆戝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浠ヤ笅鎯呮硜鏅�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫鍙互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏鐨勬墍鍒楃殑鏂瑰紡閫氱煡鎮ㄧ祩姝㈡湰鍗�(xi茅)璀帮細

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