淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�289.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�99.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�1788.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�1188.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�799.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�288.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�229.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�219.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�368.00
淇冮姺鍍癸細锟�628.00
姝¤繋鎮ㄨ垏缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€咃紙瑭宠瀹氱京姊濇锛夊叡鍚岀敖缃叉湰銆婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍗�(xi茅)璀般€嬶紙涓嬬ū鈥滄湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扳€濓級骞朵娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛�
鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮偤銆婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍗�(xi茅)璀般€嬩慨瑷傜増鏈紝鑷湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮櫦(f膩)甯冧箣鏃ヨ捣锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍚勮檿鎵€绋扁€滅編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍗�(xi茅)璀扳€濆潎鎸囨湰鍗�(xi茅)璀般€�
鍚勬湇鍕�(w霉)姊濇鍓嶆墍鍒楃储寮曢棞(gu膩n)閸佃鍍呯偤骞姪鎮ㄧ悊瑙ｈ┎姊濇琛ㄩ仈鐨勪富鏃ㄤ箣鐢�锛屼笉褰遍熆鎴栭檺鍒舵湰鍗�(xi茅)璀版娆剧殑鍚京鎴栬В閲嬨€傜偤缍鎮ㄨ嚜韬瑠(qu谩n)鐩�锛屽缓璀版偍浠旂窗闁辫畝鍚勬娆惧叿楂旇〃杩般€�
涓€銆佸畾缇�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭锛氭寚缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)锛堝煙鍚嶇偤 ilife.cn锛夌恫(w菐ng)绔欏強瀹㈡埗绔€�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)锛氱編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呯殑鍠ū鎴栧悎绋�锛屽寘鎷編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呭劮鑺欙紙寤ｅ窞锛夊湅闅涜部(m脿o)鏄撴湁闄愬叕鍙哥瓑銆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛氱編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍩轰簬浜掕伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)锛屼互鍖呭惈缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(w菐ng)绔欍€佸鎴剁绛夊湪鍏�(n猫i)鐨勫悇绋舰鎱�(t脿i)锛堝寘鎷湭渚嗘妧琛�(sh霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曞嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬柊鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)褰㈡厠(t脿i)锛夊悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑鍚勯爡鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囷細鍖呮嫭鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬牷閬撳収(n猫i)宸茬稉(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)甯冨強鍚庣簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鍏ㄩ儴瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆佽В璁€銆佸叕鍛婄瓑鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛互鍙婂悇骞宠嚭鍦ㄥ公娲俱€佽珫澹�銆佸公鍔╀腑蹇冨収(n猫i)鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鍚勯瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆佸鏂界窗鍓�銆佺敘(ch菐n)鍝佹祦绋嬭鏄庛€佸叕鍛婄瓑銆�
浜屻€佸崝(xi茅)璀拌寖鍦�
2.1 绨界磩涓婚珨
銆愬钩绛変富楂斻€戞湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮敱鎮ㄨ垏缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呭叡鍚岀窢绲�(ji茅)锛屾湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板皪鎮ㄨ垏缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呭潎鍏锋湁鍚堝悓鏁堝姏銆�
銆愪富楂斾俊鎭€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呮槸鎸囩稉(j墨ng)鐕熺編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐨勫悇娉曞緥涓婚珨锛屾偍鍙毃鏅傛煡鐪嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍚勭恫(w菐ng)绔欓闋佸簳閮ㄥ叕绀虹殑璀夌収淇℃伅浠ョ⒑瀹氳垏鎮ㄥ饱绱勭殑缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)涓婚珨銆傛湰鍗�(xi茅)璀伴爡涓�锛�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呭彲鑳芥牴鎿�(j霉)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐨勬キ(y猫)鍕�(w霉)瑾�(di脿o)鏁磋€岀櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鏇�锛岃畩鏇村悗鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呰垏鎮ㄥ叡鍚屽饱琛屾湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板苟鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呯殑璁婃洿涓嶆渻褰遍熆鎮ㄦ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬬殑娆�(qu谩n)鐩娿€傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呴倓鏈夊彲鑳藉洜鐐烘彁渚涙柊鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鑰屾柊澧�锛屽鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ柊澧炵殑缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨�锛岃鐐烘偍鍚屾剰鏂板鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻€呰垏鎮ㄥ叡鍚屽饱琛屾湰鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆傜櫦(f膩)鐢熺埈璀版檪锛屾偍鍙牴鎿�(j霉)鎮ㄥ叿楂斾娇鐢ㄧ殑鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍙婂皪鎮ㄦ瑠(qu谩n)鐩婄敘(ch菐n)鐢熷奖闊跨殑鍏烽珨琛岀偤灏嶈薄纰哄畾鑸囨偍灞ョ磩鐨勪富楂斿強鐖鐩稿皪鏂广€�
2.2 瑁滃厖鍗�(xi茅)璀�
鐢变簬浜掕伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)楂橀€熺櫦(f膩)灞�锛屾偍鑸囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)绨界讲鐨勬湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板垪鏄庣殑姊濇骞朵笉鑳藉畬鏁寸緟鍒楀苟瑕嗚搵鎮ㄨ垏缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鎵€鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)鍒╄垏缇╁嫏(w霉)锛岀従(xi脿n)鏈夌殑绱勫畾涔熶笉鑳戒繚璀夊畬鍏ㄧ鍚堟湭渚嗙櫦(f膩)灞曠殑闇€姹�銆�鍥犳锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭娉曞緥鑱叉槑鍙婇毐绉佹斂绛栥€佺編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧潎鐐烘湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑瑁滃厖鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛岃垏鏈崝(xi茅)璀颁笉鍙垎鍓蹭笖鍏锋湁鍚岀瓑娉曞緥鏁堝姏銆傚鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岃鐐烘偍鍚屾剰涓婅堪瑁滃厖鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆�
涓�銆佽超鎴舵敞鍐婅垏浣跨敤
3.1 鐢ㄦ埗璩囨牸
鎮ㄧ⒑瑾�(r猫n)锛屽湪鎮ㄩ枊濮嬫敞鍐婄▼搴忎娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍓嶏紝鎮ㄦ噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍏峰倷涓彲浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍦嬫硶寰嬭(gu墨)瀹氱殑鑸囨偍琛岀偤鐩搁仼鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬皯浜嬭鐐鸿兘鍔�銆�
鑻ユ偍涓嶅叿鍌欏墠杩拌垏鎮ㄨ鐐虹浉閬╂噳(y墨ng)鐨勬皯浜嬭鐐鸿兘鍔�锛屽墖鎮ㄥ強鎮ㄧ殑鐩�(ji膩n)璀蜂汉鎳�(y墨ng)渚濈収娉曞緥瑕�(gu墨)瀹氭壙鎿�(d膩n)鍥犳鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸殑涓€鍒囧悗鏋�銆�
姝ゅ锛屾偍閭勯渶纰轰繚鎮ㄤ笉鏄换浣曞湅瀹�銆佸湴鍗€(q奴)鎴栧湅闅涚祫绻斿鏂界殑璨�(m脿o)鏄撻檺鍒躲€佺稉(j墨ng)婵熷埗瑁佹垨鍏朵粬娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)闄愬埗鐨勫皪璞�锛屼篃鏈洿鎺ユ垨闁撴帴鐐哄墠杩板皪璞℃彁渚涜硣閲戙€佸晢鍝佹垨鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽惁鍓囨偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍋滄浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽悓鏅傦紝鎮ㄧ悊瑙ｉ仌鍙嶅墠杩拌姹傚彲鑳芥渻閫犳垚鎮ㄧ劇娉曟甯告敞鍐婂強浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆�
3.2 璩埗瑾槑
銆愯超鎴剁嵅寰椼€戠暥(d膩ng)鎮ㄦ寜鐓ф敞鍐婇爜闈㈡彁绀哄～瀵俊鎭�銆侀柋璁€骞跺悓鎰忔湰鍗�(xi茅)璀颁笖瀹屾垚鍏ㄩ儴娉ㄥ唺绋嬪簭鍚�锛屾偍鍙嵅寰楃編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗骞舵垚鐐虹編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐢ㄦ埗銆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙厑瑷辨瘡浣嶇敤鎴朵娇鐢ㄤ竴鍊嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗銆�
濡傛湁璀夋摎(j霉)璀夋槑鎴栫編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏍规摎(j霉)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧垽鏂锋偍瀛樺湪涓嶇暥(d膩ng)娉ㄥ唺鎴栦笉鐣�(d膩ng)浣跨敤澶氬€嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗鐨勬儏褰紝缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙噰鍙栧噸绲�(ji茅)鎴栭棞(gu膩n)闁夎超鎴�銆佸彇娑堣▊鍠�銆佹嫆绲曟彁渚涙湇鍕�(w霉)绛夋帾鏂�锛屽绲︾編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鏂归€犳垚鎼嶅け鐨勶紝鎮ㄩ倓鎳�(y墨ng)鎵挎摂(d膩n)璩犲劅璨�(z茅)浠�銆�
銆愯超鎴朵娇鐢ㄣ€戞偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)浣跨敤鎮ㄨō(sh猫)缃垨纰鸿獚(r猫n)鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈冨摗鍚�銆侀兊绠�銆佹墜姗熻櫉纰硷紙浠ヤ笅绨＄ū鈥滆超鎴跺悕绋扁€濓級鍙婃偍瑷�(sh猫)缃殑瀵嗙⒓锛堣超鎴跺悕绋卞強瀵嗙⒓鍚堢ū鈥滆超鎴垛€濓級鐧婚寗缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭銆�
鐢变簬鎮ㄧ殑缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鎮ㄧ殑鍊嬩汉淇℃伅鍙婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍟嗘キ(y猫)淇℃伅锛屾偍鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗鍍呴檺鎮ㄦ湰浜轰娇鐢�銆傛湭缍�(j墨ng)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍚屾剰锛屾偍鐩存帴鎴栭枔鎺ユ巿娆�(qu谩n)绗笁鏂逛娇鐢ㄦ偍缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗鎴栫嵅鍙栨偍璩埗闋呬笅淇℃伅鐨勮鐐虹劇鏁堛€傚缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鏍规摎(j霉)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦腑绱勫畾鐨勯仌绱勮獚(r猫n)瀹氱▼搴忓強妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍒ゆ柗鎮ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩埗鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ彲鑳藉嵄鍙婃偍鐨勮超鎴跺畨鍏ㄥ強/鎴栫編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭淇℃伅瀹夊叏鐨�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙嫆绲曟彁渚涚浉鎳�(y墨ng)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎴栫祩姝㈡湰鍗�(xi茅)璀般€�
銆愯超鎴惰綁(zhu菐n)璁撱€戠敱浜庣敤鎴惰超鎴堕棞(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鐢ㄦ埗淇＄敤淇℃伅锛屽儏鐣�(d膩ng)鏈夋硶寰嬫槑鏂囪(gu墨)瀹氥€佸徃娉曡瀹氭垨缍�(j墨ng)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍚屾剰锛屽苟绗﹀悎缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囪(gu墨)瀹氱殑鐢ㄦ埗璩埗杞�(zhu菐n)璁撴祦绋嬬殑鎯呮硜涓�锛屾偍鍙€茶璩埗鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)璁撱€傛偍鐨勮超鎴朵竴缍�(j墨ng)杞�(zhu菐n)璁�锛岃┎璩埗闋呬笅娆�(qu谩n)鍒╃京鍕�(w霉)涓€骞惰綁(zhu菐n)绉�銆�
闄ゆ澶�锛屾偍鐨勮超鎴朵笉寰椾互浠讳綍鏂瑰紡杞�(zhu菐n)璁擄紝鍚﹀墖缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)杩界┒鎮ㄧ殑閬曠磩璨�(z茅)浠�锛屼笖鐢辨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑璨�(z茅)浠诲強鍚庢灉鍧囩敱鎮ㄨ嚜琛屾壙鎿�(d膩n)銆�
銆愪笉娲昏簫璩埗鍥炴敹銆�濡傛偍鐨勮超鎴跺悓鏅傜鍚堜互涓嬫浠�锛屽墖缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙洖鏀舵偍鐨勮超鎴�锛屾偍鐨勮超鎴跺皣涓嶈兘鍐嶇櫥閷�锛岀浉鎳�(y墨ng)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍚屾檪绲傛锛�
锛堜竴锛夐€ｇ簩(x霉)鍏€嬫湀鏈敤浜庣櫥閷�锛�
锛堜簩锛変笉瀛樺湪鏈埌鏈熺殑鏈夋晥妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)銆�
3.3 娉ㄥ唺淇℃伅绠＄悊
3.3.1 鐪熷鍚堟硶
銆愪俊鎭湡瀵︺€戝湪浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鏅�锛屾偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鎸夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭闋侀潰鐨勬彁绀烘簴(zh菙n)纰哄畬鏁村湴鎻愪緵鎮ㄧ殑淇℃伅锛堝寘鎷偍鐨勫鍚嶅強闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃銆佽伅(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭�銆佽伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€绛夛級锛屼互渚跨編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎴栧叾浠栫敤鎴惰垏鎮ㄨ伅(li谩n)绯�銆�
鎮ㄤ簡瑙ｅ苟鍚屾剰锛屾偍鏈夌京鍕�(w霉)淇濇寔鎮ㄦ彁渚涗俊鎭殑鐪熷鎬у強鏈夋晥鎬�銆�
銆愭渻鍝″悕鐨勫悎娉曟€с€�鎮ㄨō(sh猫)缃殑缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鏈冨摗鍚嶄笉寰楅仌鍙嶅湅瀹舵硶寰嬫硶瑕�(gu墨)鍙婄編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬棞(gu膩n)浜庢渻鍝″悕鐨勭鐞嗚(gu墨)瀹�锛屽惁鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙洖鏀舵偍鐨勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈冨摗鍚�銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈冨摗鍚嶇殑鍥炴敹涓嶅奖闊挎偍浠ラ兊绠�銆佹墜姗熻櫉纰肩櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭骞朵娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆�
3.3.2 鏇存柊缍
鎮ㄦ噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍙婃檪鏇存柊鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛屽湪娉曞緥鏈夋槑纰鸿(gu墨)瀹氳姹傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)浣滅偤骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎻愪緵鑰呭繀闋堝皪閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄦ埗锛堝骞宠嚭璩ｅ绛夛級鐨勪俊鎭€茶鏍稿鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏囦緷娉曚笉鏅傚湴灏嶆偍鐨勪俊鎭€茶妾㈡煡鏍稿锛屾偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)閰嶅悎鎻愪緵鏈€鏂�銆佺湡瀵︺€佸畬鏁�銆佹湁鏁堢殑淇℃伅銆�
濡傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎸夋偍鏈€鍚庝竴娆℃彁渚涚殑淇℃伅鑸囨偍鑱�(li谩n)绯绘湭鏋�銆佹偍鏈寜缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鐨勮姹傚強鏅傛彁渚涗俊鎭€佹偍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭瓨鍦ㄦ槑椤笉瀵︽垨琛屾斂鍙告硶姗熼棞(gu膩n)鏍稿鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑淇℃伅鐒℃晥鐨�锛屾偍灏囨壙鎿�(d膩n)鍥犳灏嶆偍鑷韩銆佷粬浜哄強缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)閫犳垚鐨勫叏閮ㄦ悕澶辫垏涓嶅埄鍚庢灉銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙悜鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑鸿鍟忔垨瑕佹眰鏁存敼鐨勯€氱煡锛屽苟瑕佹眰鎮ㄩ€茶閲嶆柊瑾�(r猫n)璀�锛岀洿鑷充腑姝€€佺祩姝㈠皪鎮ㄦ彁渚涢儴鍒嗘垨鍏ㄩ儴缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏嶆涓嶆壙鎿�(d膩n)璨�(z茅)浠汇€�
3.4 璩埗瀹夊叏瑕�(gu墨)鑼�
銆愯超鎴跺畨鍏ㄤ繚绠＄京鍕�(w霉)銆戞偍鐨勮超鎴剁偤鎮ㄨ嚜琛岃ō(sh猫)缃苟鐢辨偍淇濈锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)浠讳綍鏅傚€欏潎涓嶆渻涓诲嫊瑕佹眰鎮ㄦ彁渚涙偍鐨勮超鎴跺瘑纰笺€傚洜姝�锛屽缓璀版偍鍕�(w霉)蹇呬繚绠″ソ鎮ㄧ殑璩埗锛屽苟纰轰繚鎮ㄥ湪姣忓€嬩笂缍�(w菐ng)鏅傛绲�(ji茅)鏉熸檪閫€鍑虹櫥閷勫苟浠ユ纰烘椹熼洟闁嬬編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭銆�
璩埗鍥犳偍涓诲嫊娉勯湶鎴栧洜鎮ㄩ伃鍙椾粬浜烘敾鎿�銆佽⿶楱欑瓑琛岀偤灏�(d菐o)鑷寸殑鎼嶅け鍙婂悗鏋滐紝缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞朵笉鎵挎摂(d膩n)璨�(z茅)浠�锛屾偍鎳�(y墨ng)閫氶亷鍙告硶銆佽鏀跨瓑鏁戞繜閫斿緫鍚戜镜娆�(qu谩n)琛岀偤浜鸿拷鍎�銆�
銆愯超鎴惰鐐鸿铂(z茅)浠昏嚜璨犮€戦櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)瀛樺湪閬庨尟澶栵紝鎮ㄦ噳(y墨ng)灏嶆偍璩埗闋呬笅鐨勬墍鏈夎鐐虹祼(ji茅)鏋滐紙鍖呮嫭浣嗕笉闄愪簬鍦ㄧ窔绨界讲鍚勯鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冧俊鎭€佽臣璨峰晢鍝佸強鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍙婃姭闇蹭俊鎭瓑锛夎矤璨�(z茅)銆�
銆愭棩甯哥董璀烽爤鐭ャ€戝鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠讳綍鏈稉(j墨ng)鎺堟瑠(qu谩n)浣跨敤鎮ㄨ超鎴剁櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鎴栧叾浠栧彲鑳藉皫(d菐o)鑷存偍璩埗閬珚銆侀伜澶辩殑鎯呮硜锛屽缓璀版偍绔嬪嵆閫氱煡缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)銆�鎮ㄧ悊瑙ｇ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏嶆偍鐨勪换浣曡珛姹傞噰鍙栬鍕曞潎闇€瑕佸悎鐞嗘檪闁�锛屼笖缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鎳�(y墨ng)鎮ㄨ珛姹傝€岄噰鍙栫殑琛屽嫊鍙兘鐒℃硶閬垮厤鎴栭樆姝镜瀹冲悗鏋滅殑褰㈡垚鎴栨摯澶�锛岄櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)瀛樺湪娉曞畾閬庨尟澶�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)涓嶆壙鎿�(d膩n)璨�(z茅)浠汇€�
鍥�銆佺編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍙婅(gu墨)鑼�
銆愭湇鍕�(w霉)姒傛硜銆戞偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婁韩鍙楀晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勭€忚銆佹敹钘忋€佽臣璨疯垏瑭曞児銆佷氦鏄撶埈璀拌檿鐞�銆佷俊鎭氦娴佸鍟忕瓟鍙婂垎浜瓑鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭溇澶�锛屽叿楂旀偍鍙櫥閷勭編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐎忚銆�
4.1 鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勭€忚銆佹敹钘�
鍦ㄦ偍鐎忚鎴戝€戠恫(w菐ng)绔欐垨瀹㈡埗绔殑閬庣▼涓�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐐烘偍鎻愪緵浜嗕俊鎭垎椤炪€侀棞(gu膩n)閸佃妾㈢储銆佺閬搞€佹敹钘忓強闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄧ瓑鍔熻兘锛屼互鏇村ソ鍦板尮閰嶆偍鐨勯渶姹�銆�
鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ皪鎮ㄦ劅鑸堣叮鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)閫茶鏀惰棌銆佹坊鍔犺嚦璩肩墿杌�锛岄棞(gu膩n)娉ㄦ偍鎵€鎰熻垐瓒ｇ殑搴楅嫪/鍝佺墝绛�銆�
4.2 鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勮臣璨疯垏瑭曞児
銆愬晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勮臣璨枫€戠暥(d膩ng)鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭璩艰卜鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鏅傦紝璜嬫偍鍕�(w霉)蹇呬粩绱扮⒑瑾�(r猫n)鎵€璩煎晢鍝佺殑鍝佸悕銆佸児鏍笺€佹暩(sh霉)閲�銆佸瀷铏熴€佽(gu墨)鏍�銆佸昂瀵告垨鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勬檪闁�銆佸収(n猫i)瀹�銆侀檺鍒舵€ц姹傜瓑閲嶈浜嬮爡锛屽苟鍦ㄤ笅鍠檪鏍稿鎮ㄧ殑鑱�(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€銆侀浕瑭�銆佹敹璨ㄤ汉绛変俊鎭�銆�濡傛偍濉鐨勬敹璨ㄤ汉闈炴偍鏈汉锛屽墖瑭叉敹璨ㄤ汉鐨勮鐐哄拰鎰忔€濊〃绀虹敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑娉曞緥鍚庢灉鍧囩敱鎮ㄦ壙鎿�(d膩n)銆�
鎮ㄧ殑璩艰卜琛岀偤鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍩轰簬鐪熷鐨勬秷璨婚渶姹�锛屼笉寰楀瓨鍦ㄥ皪鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)瀵︽柦鎯℃剰璩艰卜銆佹儭鎰忕董娆�(qu谩n)绛夋摼浜傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭姝ｅ父浜ゆ槗绉╁簭鐨勮鐐�銆�
鍩轰簬缍缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭浜ゆ槗绉╁簭鍙婁氦鏄撳畨鍏ㄧ殑闇€瑕�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓婅堪鎯呭舰鏅傚彲涓诲嫊鍩�(zh铆)琛岄棞(gu膩n)闁夌浉闂�(gu膩n)浜ゆ槗瑷傚柈绛夋搷浣�銆�
銆愯⿻鍍广€戞偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鎻愪緵鐨勮⿻鍍圭郴绲�(t菕ng)涓皪鑸囨偍閬旀垚浜ゆ槗鐨勫叾浠栫敤鎴跺晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)閫茶瑭曞児銆傛偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐞嗚В锛屾偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐨勮⿻鍍逛俊鎭槸鍏枊鐨�锛屽鎮ㄤ笉鎰挎剰鍦ㄨ⿻鍍逛俊鎭腑鍚戝叕鐪炬姭闇叉偍鐨勮韩浠戒俊鎭�锛屾偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)閬告搰閫氶亷鍖垮悕褰㈠紡鐧�(f膩)琛ㄨ⿻鍍瑰収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
鐐虹⒑淇濊⿻鍍瑰収(n猫i)瀹硅兘鐐烘秷璨昏€呰臣鐗╂焙绛栨彁渚涘彲闈犵殑渚濇摎(j霉)锛屽弽鏄犲晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勭湡瀵︽儏娉侊紝鎮ㄧ殑鎵€鏈夎⿻鍍硅鐐烘噳(y墨ng)閬靛畧缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑕�(gu墨)瀹�锛岃⿻鍍瑰収(n猫i)瀹规噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍚堟硶銆佸瑙€銆佺湡瀵�锛岃垏浜ゆ槗鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鍏锋湁闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鎬�锛屼笖涓嶆噳(y墨ng)鍖呭惈浠讳綍姹¤█绌㈣獮銆佽壊鎯呬綆淇�銆佸唬鍛婁俊鎭強娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)鑸囨湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板垪鏄庣殑鍏朵粬绂佹鎬т俊鎭紱鎮ㄤ笉鎳�(y墨ng)浠ヤ笉姝ｇ暥(d膩ng)鏂瑰紡骞姪浠栦汉鎻愬崌淇＄敤鎴栧埄鐢ㄨ⿻鍍规瑠(qu谩n)鍒╁皪鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埗瀵︽柦濞佽剠銆佹暡瑭愬嫆绱�銆�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙寜鐓х編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬皪鎮ㄥ鏂戒笂杩拌鐐烘墍鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑瑭曞児淇℃伅閲囧彇蹇呰铏曠疆鎺柦銆�
4.3 浜ゆ槗鐖铏曠悊
銆愪氦鏄撶埈璀拌檿鐞嗛€斿緫銆戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭浜ゆ槗閬庣▼涓垏鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埗鐧�(f膩)鐢熺埈璀扮殑锛屾偍鎴栧叾浠栫敤鎴朵腑浠讳綍涓€鏂瑰潎鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)閬告搰浠ヤ笅閫斿緫瑙ｆ焙锛�
锛堜竴锛夎垏鐖鐩稿皪鏂硅嚜涓诲崝(xi茅)鍟嗭紱
锛堜簩锛変娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鎻愪緵鐨勭埈璀拌(di脿o)铏曟湇鍕�(w霉)锛�
锛堜笁锛夎珛姹傛秷璨昏€呭崝(xi茅)鏈冩垨鑰呭叾浠栦緷娉曟垚绔嬬殑瑾�(di脿o)瑙ｇ祫绻旇(di脿o)瑙ｏ紱
锛堝洓锛夊悜鏈夐棞(gu膩n)琛屾斂閮ㄩ杸鎶曡ù锛�
锛堜簲锛夋牴鎿�(j霉)鑸囩埈璀扮浉灏嶆柟閬旀垚鐨勪徊瑁佸崝(xi茅)璀帮紙濡傛湁锛夋彁璜嬩徊瑁佹妲�(g貌u)浠茶锛�
锛堝叚锛夊悜浜烘皯娉曢櫌鎻愯捣瑷磋銆�
4.4 淇℃伅浜ゆ祦
鐐烘豢瓒崇敤鎴堕枔鍒嗕韩璩肩墿蹇冨緱绛変俊鎭氦娴侀渶姹�锛屾偍鍙€氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵鐨勫晱绛斻€佹洭鍠垎浜�銆佽珫澹囥€佺兢绲勫強鍏朵粬淇℃伅鐧�(f膩)甯冨姛鑳介€茶瑭曡珫銆佸洖寰�(f霉)銆佺暀瑷€銆佸綀骞�銆侀粸璐婄瓑鍏枊鐧�(f膩)甯冧俊鎭強鑸囧叾浠栫敤鎴朵簰鍕�锛屼俊鎭殑褰㈠紡鍖呮嫭鏂囧瓧銆佸湒鐗�銆佽闋汇€佺洿鎾収(n猫i)瀹�銆佽〃鎯�銆佺铏熺瓑锛屾偍闋堢⒑淇濇偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鎵€鏈変俊鎭潎绗﹀悎鐩搁棞(gu膩n)娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)鍙婃湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑瑕佹眰銆�
4.5 璨�(m脿o)鏄撻檺鍒�
閲濆皪閫氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙栧緱鐨勫晢鍝�銆佹湇鍕�(w霉)銆佽粺浠跺強鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛堝寘鎷編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鎻愪緵鐨勮粺浠跺強鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛夛紝鎮ㄦ壙璜鹃伒瀹堟墍鏈夐仼鐢ㄧ殑閫插嚭鍙ｇ鍒�銆佽部(m脿o)鏄撻檺鍒惰垏缍�(j墨ng)婵熷埗瑁佺浉闂�(gu膩n)娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)?锛涱媱璇癝璀风編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭浜ゆ槗绉╁簭鍙婁氦鏄撳畨鍏ㄧ殑闇€瑕侊紝濡傛偍閬曞弽鍓嶈堪鎵胯鐨�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙湪鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓婅堪鎯呭舰鏅備富鍕曞煼(zh铆)琛岄棞(gu膩n)闁夌浉闂�(gu膩n)浜ゆ槗瑷傚柈鍙婁綔鍑鸿超鎴惰檿缃瓑鎿嶄綔銆�
4.6 璨荤敤
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鐐虹編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)浠樺嚭浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鎴愭湰锛岄櫎缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏄庣ず鐨勬敹璨绘キ(y猫)鍕�(w霉)澶栵紝缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)鐩墠鏄厤璨荤殑銆傚鏈締缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍚戞偍鏀跺彇鍚堢悊璨荤敤锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈冮噰鍙栧悎鐞嗛€斿緫骞朵互瓒冲鍚堢悊鐨勬湡闄愭彁鍓嶉€氶亷娉曞畾绋嬪簭骞朵互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�锛岀⒑淇濇偍鏈夊厖鍒嗛伕鎿囩殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒┿€�
4.7 璨�(z茅)浠婚檺鍒�
銆愪笉鍙姉鍔涘強绗笁鏂瑰師鍥犮€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)渚濈収娉曞緥瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬饱琛屽熀绀�(ch菙)淇濋殰缇╁嫏(w霉)锛屼絾灏嶄簬涓嬭堪鍘熷洜?q奴)械纰屾毊璐ゎ儩鐢峰绯籏銆佸饱琛岀憰鐤点€佸饱琛屽欢鍚庢垨灞ヨ鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅畩鏇寸瓑鎯呭舰锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞朵笉鎵挎摂(d膩n)鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勯仌绱勮铂(z茅)浠伙細
锛堜竴锛夊洜鑷劧鐏�(z膩i)瀹炽€佺椒宸�銆佹毚浜�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐖�銆佹斂搴滆鐐�銆佸徃娉曡鏀垮懡浠ょ瓑涓嶅彲鎶楀姏鍥犵礌锛�
锛堜簩锛夊洜闆诲姏渚涙噳(y墨ng)鏁呴殰銆侀€氳▕缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏁呴殰绛夊叕鍏辨湇鍕�(w霉)鍥犵礌鎴栫涓変汉鍥犵礌锛�
锛堜笁锛夊湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)宸茬洝鍠勬剰绠＄悊鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛屽洜甯歌(gu墨)鎴栫穵鎬ョ殑瑷�(sh猫)鍌欒垏绯荤当(t菕ng)缍銆佽ō(sh猫)鍌欒垏绯荤当(t菕ng)鏁呴殰銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)淇℃伅鑸囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瀹夊叏绛夊洜绱犮€�
銆愭捣閲忎俊鎭€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍍呭悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屾偍浜嗚В缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婄殑淇℃伅绯荤敤鎴惰嚜琛岀櫦(f膩)甯冿紝涓斿彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄩⅷ(f膿ng)闅拰鐟曠柕銆傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏囬€氶亷渚濇硶寤虹珛鐩搁棞(gu膩n)妾㈡煡鐩�(ji膩n)鎺у埗搴︾洝鍙兘淇濋殰鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婄殑鍚堟硶娆�(qu谩n)鐩婂強鑹ソ楂旈銆傚悓鏅�锛岄憭浜庣編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍏峰倷瀛樺湪娴烽噺淇℃伅鍙婁俊鎭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧笅淇℃伅鑸囧鐗╃浉鍒嗛洟鐨勭壒榛�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐒℃硶閫愪竴瀵╂煡鍟嗗搧鍙�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勪俊鎭紝鐒℃硶閫愪竴瀵╂煡浜ゆ槗鎵€娑夊強鐨勫晢鍝佸強/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲�銆佸畨鍏ㄤ互鍙婂悎娉曟€с€佺湡瀵︽€�銆佹簴(zh菙n)纰烘€�锛屽皪姝ゆ偍鎳�(y墨ng)璎�(j菒n)鎱庡垽鏂�銆�
浜�銆佺敤鎴朵俊鎭殑淇濊鍙婃巿娆�(qu谩n)
5.1 鍊嬩汉淇℃伅鐨勪繚璀�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)闈炲父閲嶈鐢ㄦ埗鍊嬩汉淇℃伅锛堝嵆鑳藉鐛ㄧ珛鎴栬垏鍏朵粬淇℃伅绲�(ji茅)鍚堝悗璀樺垾鐢ㄦ埗韬唤鐨勪俊鎭級鐨勪繚璀�锛屽湪鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)鏅傦紝鎮ㄥ悓鎰忕編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎸夌収鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婂叕甯冪殑闅辩娆�(qu谩n)鏀跨瓥鏀堕泦銆佸瓨鍎�銆佷娇鐢ㄣ€佹姭闇插拰淇濊鎮ㄧ殑鍊嬩汉淇℃伅銆�
5.2 闈炲€嬩汉淇℃伅鐨勪繚璀夎垏鎺堟瑠(qu谩n)
銆愪俊鎭殑鐧�(f膩)甯冦€戞偍鑱叉槑骞朵繚璀夛紝鎮ㄥ皪鎮ㄦ墍鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅鎿佹湁鐩告噳(y墨ng)銆佸悎娉曠殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒�锛屾偍鎵€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅鍙婂鏂界殑琛岀偤鍧囩鍚堢浉闂�(gu膩n)娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)銆佸湅瀹跺挤鍒舵€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)瑕佹眰鍙婃湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮磩瀹�锛屽苟涓旀偍灏嶆偍鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅璨犳湁绠＄悊缇╁嫏(w霉)锛屽皪鍏朵腑鎮ㄩ仌鍙嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬強鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮磩瀹氱殑淇℃伅鎳�(y墨ng)绔嬪嵆鍒櫎銆傚惁鍓�锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙皪鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅渚濇硶鎴栦緷鏈崝(xi茅)璀伴€茶鍒櫎鎴栧睆钄�銆�
銆愮姝㈡€т俊鎭€�鎮ㄦ噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)纰轰繚鎮ㄦ墍鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅涓嶅寘鍚互涓嬪収(n猫i)瀹癸細
锛堜竴锛夊弽灏嶆啿娉曟墍纰哄畾鐨勫熀鏈師鍓囩殑锛�
锛堜簩锛夊嵄瀹冲湅瀹跺畨鍏�锛屾硠闇插湅瀹剁瀵嗭紝椤涜鍦嬪鏀挎瑠(qu谩n)锛岀牬澹炲湅瀹剁当(t菕ng)涓€锛屾悕瀹冲湅瀹舵Ξ璀藉拰鍒╃泭鐨�锛�
锛堜笁锛夊鎻氭亹鎬栦富缇�銆佹サ绔富缇╂垨鑰呯吔鍕曞鏂芥亹鎬栨椿鍕曘€佹サ绔富缇╂椿鍕曠殑锛�
锛堝洓锛夌吔鍕曟皯鏃忎粐鎭�銆佹皯鏃忔瑕�锛岀牬澹炴皯鏃忓湗绲�(ji茅)鐨�锛�
锛堜簲锛夌吔鍕曞湴鍩熸瑕�銆佸湴鍩熶粐鎭�銆佷汉缇ゆ瑕栫殑锛�
锛堝叚锛夌牬澹炲湅瀹跺畻鏁欐斂绛�锛屽鎻氶偑鏁欏拰灏佸缓杩蜂俊鐨�锛�
锛堜竷锛夋鏇�銆佷笐鍖栥€佽せ鐎�銆佸惁瀹氳嫳闆勭儓澹簨璺″拰绮剧锛屼互渚颈銆佽璎楁垨鑰呭叾浠栨柟寮忎镜瀹宠嫳闆勭儓澹殑濮撳悕銆佽倴鍍�銆佸悕璀�銆佹Ξ璀界殑锛�
锛堝叓锛夋暎甯冩帆绌�銆佽壊鎯呫€佽抄鍗�銆佹毚鍔�銆佸厙娈�銆佹亹鎬栨垨鑰呮暀鍞嗙姱缃殑锛�
锛堜節锛変井杈辨垨鑰呰璎椾粬浜�锛屼镜瀹充粬浜哄悕璀�銆侀毐绉�銆佽倴鍍�銆佺煡璀樼敘(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)鍜屽叾浠栧悎娉曟瑠(qu谩n)鐩婄殑锛�
锛堝崄锛夌法閫犮€佹暎甯冭瑺瑷€銆佽櫅鍋囦俊鎭�锛屾摼浜傜稉(j墨ng)婵熺З搴忓拰绀炬渻绉╁簭鐨勶紝鐮村绀炬渻绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑锛�
锛堝崄涓€锛夊皪浠栦汉閫茶鏆村姏鎭愬殗銆佸▉鑴呯殑锛�
锛堝崄浜岋級鍙兘寮曠櫦(f膩)鏈垚骞翠汉妯′豢涓嶅畨鍏ㄨ鐐哄拰閬曞弽绀炬渻鍏痉琛岀偤銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏈垚骞翠汉涓嶈壇鍡滃ソ绛夌殑锛屾垨渚靛鏈垚骞翠汉鍚堟硶娆�(qu谩n)鐩婃垨鑰呮悕瀹虫湭鎴愬勾浜鸿韩蹇冨仴搴风殑锛�
锛堝崄涓夛級渚靛浠栦汉鍊嬩汉闅辩鐨�锛屾湭鐛蹭粬浜哄厑瑷�锛屽伔鎷�銆佸伔閷勪粬浜猴紝渚靛浠栦汉鍚堟硶娆�(qu谩n)鍒╃殑锛�
锛堝崄鍥涳級鏁ｅ竷閬庡害鐕熼姺淇℃伅鍙婂瀮鍦句俊鎭紱
锛堝崄浜旓級浣跨敤鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欏父鐢ㄨ獮瑷€鏂囧瓧浠ュ鐨勫叾浠栬獮瑷€鏂囧瓧瑭曡珫鐨�锛�
锛堝崄鍏級鎵€鐧�(f膩)琛ㄧ殑淇℃伅姣劇鎰忕京鐨�锛屾垨鍒绘剰浣跨敤瀛楃绲勫悎浠ラ€冮伩鎶€琛�(sh霉)瀵╂牳鐨�锛�
锛堝崄涓冿級浣跨敤澶稿嫉妯�(bi膩o)椤�锛屽収(n猫i)瀹硅垏妯�(bi膩o)椤屽毚(y谩n)閲嶄笉绗︾殑锛�
锛堝崄鍏級鐐掍綔绶嬭仦銆佷笐鑱�銆佸姡璺＄瓑鐨�锛�
锛堝崄涔濓級涓嶇暥(d膩ng)瑭曡堪鑷劧鐏�(z膩i)瀹炽€侀噸澶т簨鏁呯瓑鐏�(z膩i)闆ｇ殑锛�
锛堜簩鍗侊級瀹ｆ彋浣庝織銆佸焊淇�銆佸獨淇楀収(n猫i)瀹圭殑鎴栧鎻氭嫓閲戠偒瀵岀瓑涓嶈壇鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑锛�
锛堜簩鍗佷竴锛夊寘鍚亹鎬栥€佹毚鍔涜鑵�銆侀珮鍗遍毆鎬с€佸嵄瀹宠〃婕旇€呰嚜韬垨浠栦汉韬績鍋ュ悍鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝互涓嬫儏褰細鑷鑷畼鏆村姏琛岀偤鐨�锛涘▉鑴呯敓鍛藉仴搴�銆佸埄鐢ㄥ垁鍏风瓑鍗遍毆鍣ㄦ琛ㄦ紨鐨勫嵄鍙婅嚜韬垨浠栦汉浜鸿韩鍙�/鎴栬病鐢�(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)鍒╃殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紱鎱伩銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)浠栦汉鍙冭垏鍙兘鏈冮€犳垚浜鸿韩鍌峰鎴�?q奴)械婊ゅ姵榫呭锝婾鎴栭仌娉曟椿鍕曠殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛�
锛堜簩鍗佷笁锛夊啋鍏呬粬浜烘垨鍒╃敤浠栦汉鐨勫悕缇╀娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)杌熶欢鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎴栧偝鎾换浣曚俊鎭�锛屾儭鎰忎娇鐢ㄦ敞鍐婅超铏熷皫(d菐o)鑷村叾浠栫敤鎴惰瑾�(r猫n)鐨�锛�
锛堜簩鍗佸洓锛夊瓨鍦ㄥ彲鑳界牬澹�銆佺鏀广€佸埅闄�銆佸奖闊跨編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭浠讳綍绯荤当(t菕ng)姝ｅ父閬嬭鎴栨湭缍�(j墨ng)鎺堟瑠(qu谩n)绉樺瘑鐛插彇缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙婂叾浠栫敤鎴剁殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆佸€嬩汉璩囨枡鐨勭梾姣�銆佹湪棣€佺埇锜茬瓑鎯℃剰杌熶欢銆佺▼搴忎唬纰肩殑锛�
锛堜簩鍗佷簲锛夊叾浠栧皪缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐢熸厠(t脿i)閫犳垚涓嶈壇褰遍熆鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹癸紝鍙婃硶寰�銆佽鏀挎硶瑕�(gu墨)绂佹鐨勫叾浠栧収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
銆愭巿娆�(qu谩n)浣跨敤銆戝皪浜庢偍鎻愪緵銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冨強鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)涓舰鎴愮殑闄ゅ€嬩汉淇℃伅澶栫殑鏂囧瓧銆佸湒鐗�銆佽闋汇€侀煶闋荤瓑闈炲€嬩汉淇℃伅锛屽潎涓嶆渻鍥犱笂鍌炽€佺櫦(f膩)甯冪瓑琛岀偤鐧�(f膩)鐢熺煡璀樼敘(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)銆佽倴鍍忔瑠(qu谩n)绛夋瑠(qu谩n)鍒╃殑杞�(zhu菐n)绉�锛岄櫎闈炴垜鍊戝彟琛岃鏄�锛屽湪娉曞緥鍏佽ū鐨勮寖鍦嶅収(n猫i)锛屾偍鍏嶈不鎺堜簣缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)闈炴帓浠栫殑銆佺劇鍦板煙闄愬埗鐨勮ū鍙娇鐢紙鍖呮嫭瀛樺劜銆佷娇鐢ㄣ€佸京(f霉)鍒�銆佷慨瑷�銆佺法杓€佺櫦(f膩)甯�銆佸睍绀恒€佺炕璀�銆佸垎鐧�(f膩)涓婅堪淇℃伅鎴栧埗浣滄淳鐢熶綔鍝�锛屼互宸茬煡鎴栨棩鍚庨枊鐧�(f膩)鐨勫舰寮�銆佸獟楂旀垨鎶€琛�(sh霉)灏囦笂杩颁俊鎭磵鍏ュ叾瀹冧綔鍝佸収(n猫i)绛夛級鍙婂彲鍐嶈ū鍙涓夋柟浣跨敤鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)鍒�锛屼互鍙婂彲浠ヨ嚜韬悕缇╁皪绗笁鏂逛镜娆�(qu谩n)琛岀偤鍙栬瓑鍙婃彁璧疯ù瑷熺殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒┿€�
鍏�銆� 缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)浠ｆ敹鍗�(xi茅)璀版娆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)濮旀墭绗笁鏂瑰叕鍙告敹娆�锛岃┎鏀舵鍏徃涓嶆槸鐩存帴閵峰敭鏂�锛屼笉鎵挎摂(d膩n)浠讳綍閵峰敭琛岀偤鐨勭洿鎺ユ垨鑰呴€ｅ付璨�(z茅)浠�銆�
涓�銆� 鐭ヨ瓨鐢�(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)
7.1 鏍规摎(j霉)涓彲浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍦嬫湁闂�(gu膩n)娉曞緥,娉曡(gu墨),瑕�(gu墨)绔犻棞(gu膩n)浜庝繚璀风煡璀樼敘(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)鐨勮(gu墨)瀹�,鏈稉(j墨ng)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍚屾剰,鍤�(y谩n)绂佷换浣曞京(f霉)鍒跺拰杞�(zhu菐n)杓夌編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)绔欏収(n猫i)瀹圭殑琛岀偤銆�
7.2缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)缍�(w菐ng)绔�锛屽寘鎷�(浣嗕笉鍍呴檺浜�) 鏂囧瓧锛屽収(n猫i)瀹�锛岃粺浠�锛岄寗鍍�锛岄煶妯�锛岃伈闊筹紝鍦栧舰锛岀収鐗囷紝鍦栬〃锛岀編琛�(sh霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷堬紝鍦栫墖锛屽悕绋憋紝妯�(bi膩o)璀�锛屽晢妯�(bi膩o)鍜�/鎴栨湇鍕�(w霉)妯�(bi膩o)蹇�锛屼互鍙婂叾浠栬硣鏂欙紙浠ヤ笅绨＄ū缍�(w菐ng)绔欏収(n猫i)瀹癸級閮藉彈鍒扮増娆�(qu谩n)娉曪紝鍟嗘(bi膩o)娉曞拰涓€鍒囩煡璀樼敘(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)鍏磩鐨勪繚璀�銆傛湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欏収(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鎵€鏈夋垨鎺у埗涓嬬殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰拰绗笁鏂规墍鏈夋垨鎺у埗涓嬶紝骞舵巿娆�(qu谩n)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)浣跨敤鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�銆傛墍鏈夊€嬩汉鏂囩珷銆佸牨閬撶瓑涓€鍒囨(g貌u)鎴愭湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑殑鍏冪礌閮藉彲鑳芥槸鍙楃増娆�(qu谩n)淇濊鐨勪綔鍝�銆傛偍鍚屾剰閬靛畧鎵€鏈夐仼鐢ㄦ湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑殑鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)淇濊娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)锛屼互鍙婃墍鏈夋湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欏寘鍚殑瑁滃厖鎬х殑鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)瑾槑鎴栭檺鍒�銆�
鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑殑浠讳綍鍏�(n猫i)瀹归兘涓嶆噳(y墨ng)琚В閲嬬偤鎺堜簣浠讳綍浜轰娇鐢ㄦ湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欐墍椤ず鐨勫晢妯�(bi膩o)鐨勮ū鍙垨娆�(qu谩n)鍔涖€傞櫎闈炲湪鏈娇鐢ㄦ娆剧殑閬╃敤鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)锛屼竴鍒囧皪鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欏晢妯�(bi膩o)鎴栧叾浠栧収(n猫i)瀹圭殑浣跨敤锛堟垨瑾ょ敤锛夐兘灏囪鍤�(y谩n)鏍肩姝�銆傚湪娉曞緥瑷卞彲鐨勬渶澶ц寖鍦嶅収(n猫i)锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏囩⿳妤典繚璀峰叾鐭ヨ瓨鐢�(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)锛屽寘鎷ù璜稿垜浜嬫硶寰�銆�
鍦ㄦ湭缍�(j墨ng)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鏇搁潰鎺堟瑠(qu谩n)鍚屾剰鍓�锛屾偍涓嶈兘浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鐨勪换浣曞晢妯�(bi膩o)鎴栧悕绋�銆傚苟涓旀偍纰鸿獚(r猫n)鎮ㄥ皪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鐨勫晢妯�(bi膩o)鍜屽悕绋变笉浜湁浠讳綍娆�(qu谩n)鍒╁拰鍒╃泭銆�
鍦ㄥ涓嬫墍杩颁箣鎯呮硜鐧�(f膩)鐢熸檪锛屾偍鍚屾剰鐩″揩浠ユ浉闈㈢殑鏂瑰紡閫氱煡缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)銆傞€欎簺鎯呮硜鍖呮嫭锛氫换浣曚竴鏂规湭缍�(j墨ng)瑷卞彲閫插叆鎴栨偍鐭ユ泬浠讳綍涓诲嫉鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欐垨缍�(w菐ng)绔欏収(n猫i)瀹圭殑浠讳綍閮ㄥ垎渚电姱浜嗕换浣曚竴鏂圭殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒╋紝鍖呮嫭鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)銆佸晢妯�(bi膩o)娆�(qu谩n)锛屾垨鍏跺畠鍚堝悓鎬ф瑠(qu谩n)鍒╂垨娉曞畾娆�(qu谩n)鍒�銆�
鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欏嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勯櫎鏈叕鍙哥殑浠讳綍绗笁鏂圭殑鍟嗘(bi膩o)锛屽潎灞簬绗笁鏂规墍鏈�銆�
鍏€佺敤鎴剁殑閬曠磩鍙婅檿鐞�
8.1 閬曠磩瑾�(r猫n)瀹�
鐧�(f膩)鐢熷涓嬫儏褰箣涓€鐨�锛岃鐐烘偍閬曠磩锛�
锛堜竴锛変娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鏅傞仌鍙嶆湁闂�(gu膩n)娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑锛�
锛堜簩锛夐仌鍙嶆湰鍗�(xi茅)璀版垨鏈崝(xi茅)璀拌鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀帮紙鍗虫湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮2.2姊濓級绱勫畾鐨�銆�
鐐洪仼鎳�(y墨ng)闆诲瓙鍟嗗嫏(w霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曞拰婊胯冻娴烽噺鐢ㄦ埗灏嶉珮鏁堝劒(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勯渶姹傦紝鎮ㄧ悊瑙ｅ苟鍚屾剰锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦腑绱勫畾閬曠磩瑾�(r猫n)瀹氱殑绋嬪簭鍜屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆傚锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙緷鎿�(j霉)鎮ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埗鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鑸囨捣閲忕敤鎴舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯讳締瑾�(r猫n)瀹氭偍鏄惁妲�(g貌u)鎴愰仌绱�锛涙偍鏈夌京鍕�(w霉)灏嶆偍鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐣�?锛孎(xi脿n)璞￠€茶鍏呭垎鑸夎瓑鍜屽悎鐞嗚В閲�锛屽惁鍓囧皣琚獚(r猫n)瀹氱偤閬曠磩銆�
8.2 閬曠磩铏曠悊鎺柦
銆愪俊鎭檿鐞嗐€戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婄櫦(f膩)甯冪殑淇℃伅妲�(g貌u)鎴愰仌绱勭殑锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙牴鎿�(j霉)鐩告噳(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩珛鍗冲皪鐩告噳(y墨ng)淇℃伅閫茶鍒櫎銆佸睆钄借檿鐞�銆�
銆愯鐐洪檺鍒躲€戞偍鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婂鏂界殑琛岀偤锛屾垨闆栨湭鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婂鏂戒絾灏嶇編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍙婂叾鐢ㄦ埗鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷奖闊跨殑琛岀偤妲�(g貌u)鎴愰仌绱勭殑锛�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙緷鎿�(j霉)鐩告噳(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧皪鎮ㄥ煼(zh铆)琛岃超鎴舵墸鍒�銆佷腑姝㈠悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涢儴鍒嗘垨鍏ㄩ儴鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆佸妰鎵ｉ仌绱勯噾绛夎檿鐞嗘帾鏂�銆傚鎮ㄧ殑琛岀偤妲�(g貌u)鎴愭牴鏈仌绱勭殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙煡灏佹偍鐨勮超鎴讹紝绲傛鍚戞偍鎻愪緵鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆�
銆愯檿鐞嗙祼(ji茅)鏋滃叕绀恒€�缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙皣灏嶆偍涓婅堪閬曠磩琛岀偤铏曠悊鎺柦淇℃伅浠ュ強鍏朵粬缍�(j墨ng)鍦嬪琛屾斂鎴栧徃娉曟闂�(gu膩n)鐢熸晥娉曞緥鏂囨浉纰鸿獚(r猫n)鐨勯仌娉曚俊鎭湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婁簣浠ュ叕绀恒€�
8.3 璩犲劅璨�(z茅)浠�
濡傛偍鐨勮鐐轰娇缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)閬彈鎼嶅け锛堝寘鎷嚜韬殑鐩存帴缍�(j墨ng)婵熸悕澶�銆佸晢璀芥悕澶卞強灏嶅鏀粯鐨勮碃鍎熼噾銆佸拰瑙ｆ銆佸緥甯不銆佽ù瑷熻不绛夐枔鎺ョ稉(j墨ng)婵熸悕澶憋級锛屾偍鎳�(y墨ng)璩犲劅缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)涓婅堪鍏ㄩ儴鎼嶅け銆�
濡傛偍鐨勮鐐轰娇缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)閬彈绗笁浜轰富寮垫瑠(qu谩n)鍒╋紝缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙湪灏嶇涓変汉鎵挎摂(d膩n)閲戦將绲︿粯绛夌京鍕�(w霉)鍚庡氨鍏ㄩ儴鎼嶅け鍚戞偍杩藉劅銆�
8.4 鐗瑰垾绱勫畾
銆愬晢妤�(y猫)璩勮硞銆戝鎮ㄥ悜缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鐨勯泧鍝℃垨椤у晱绛夋彁渚涘鐗�銆佺従(xi脿n)閲戙€佺従(xi脿n)閲戠瓑鍍圭墿銆佸嫗鍕�(w霉)銆佹梾娓哥瓑鍍瑰€兼槑椤秴鍑烘甯稿晢鍕�(w霉)娲借珖鑼冪枃鐨勫埄鐩婏紝鍓囧彲瑕栫偤鎮ㄥ瓨鍦ㄥ晢妤�(y猫)璩勮硞琛岀偤銆�鐧�(f膩)鐢熶笂杩版儏褰㈢殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙珛鍗崇祩姝㈣垏鎮ㄧ殑鎵€鏈夊悎浣滃苟鍚戞偍鏀跺彇閬曠磩閲戝強/鎴栬碃鍎熼噾锛�瑭茬瓑閲戦浠ョ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍥犳偍鐨勮硠璩傝鐐鸿€岄伃鍙楃殑缍�(j墨ng)婵熸悕澶卞拰鍟嗚鎼嶅け浣滅偤瑷堢畻渚濇摎(j霉)銆�
銆愰棞(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)铏曠悊銆戝鎮ㄥ洜鍤�(y谩n)閲嶉仌绱勫皫(d菐o)鑷寸編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)绲傛鏈崝(xi茅)璀版檪锛屽嚭浜庣董璀峰钩鑷虹З搴忓強淇濊娑堣不鑰呮瑠(qu谩n)鐩婄殑鐩殑锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙皪鑸囨偍鍦ㄥ叾浠栧崝(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬬殑鍚堜綔閲囧彇涓鐢氭垨绲傛鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鎺柦锛屽苟浠ユ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮ㄣ€�
濡傜編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鑸囨偍绨界讲鐨勫叾浠栧崝(xi茅)璀板強缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鑸囨偍绨界讲鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀颁腑鏄庣⒑绱勫畾浜嗗皪鎮ㄥ湪鏈崝(xi茅)璀伴爡涓嬪悎浣滈€茶闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)铏曠悊鐨勬儏褰�锛屽墖缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍑轰簬缍骞宠嚭绉╁簭鐨勭洰鐨勶紝鍙湪鏀跺埌鎸囦护鏅備腑姝㈢敋鑷崇祩姝㈠崝(xi茅)璀�锛屽苟浠ユ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�銆�
銆愯臣璨烽爤鐭ャ€戠編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑鎵€鏈夊晢鍝佷俊鎭潎渚嗘簮浜庣浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)寤犲锛岀増娆�(qu谩n)姝哥浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)寤犲鎵€鏈夛紝鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欐彁鍙婄殑浠讳綍鍟嗘(bi膩o)鍧囨瑭插晢妯�(bi膩o)鎸佹湁浜烘墍鏈�銆傚叿楂斿寘鎷晢鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲�銆佸寘瑁�銆佸湒鐗�銆佹枃瀛楁弿杩�銆佸敭鍚庢湇鍕�(w霉)鍙婂叾鎵€闄勫爆鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鎵胯銆傜敤鎴跺湪鏈稉(j墨ng)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍚屾剰鐨勬儏娉佷笅涓嶅緱鎿呰嚜鎽橀寗鏈珯鎵€鏈夊湒鐗囧拰鏂囧瓧鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屽惁鍓囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鏈夎拷绌舵硶寰嬭铂(z茅)浠荤殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒�銆�
鎮ㄥ湪鏈晢鍩庝笂璩艰卜鐨勫澶栧晢鍝佺瓑鍚屼簬澧冨璩艰卜銆�
鎮ㄨ臣璨风殑澧冨鍟嗗搧閬╃敤鐨勫搧璩�(zh矛)銆佸仴搴�銆佸畨鍏�銆佽(w猫i)鐢�銆佺挵(hu谩n)淇�銆佹(bi膩o)璀樼瓑闋呯洰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鑸囨垜鍦嬪ぇ闄稿湴鍗€(q奴)璩�(zh矛)閲忓畨鍏ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏈夋墍涓嶅悓锛屽湪浣跨敤閬庣▼涓敱姝ゅ彲鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍗卞鎴栨悕澶变互鍙婂叾浠栭ⅷ(f膿ng)闅�锛屽皣鐢辨偍鍊嬩汉鎵挎摂(d膩n)銆�
鐢变簬鎮ㄦ墍璩艰卜鐨勫澶栧晢鍝佸緸鎴戝湅澶ч櫢锛堜笉鍚腐婢宠嚭锛変互澶栫殑鍦板崁(q奴)瑷傝臣锛屾晠鍙兘鐒′腑鏂囨(bi膩o)绨藉強瑾槑鏇搞€�
涔�銆佸崝(xi茅)璀扮殑璁婃洿
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鍙牴鎿�(j霉)鍦嬪娉曞緥娉曡(gu墨)璁婂寲鍙婄董璀蜂氦鏄撶З搴�銆佷繚璀锋秷璨昏€呮瑠(qu谩n)鐩婇渶瑕�锛屼笉鏅備慨鏀规湰鍗�(xi茅)璀般€佽鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀�锛岃畩鏇村悗鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀般€佽鍏呭崝(xi茅)璀帮紙涓嬬ū鈥滆畩鏇翠簨闋呪€濓級灏囬€氶亷娉曞畾绋嬪簭骞朵互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏绱勫畾鐨勬柟寮忛€氱煡鎮�銆�
濡傛偍涓嶅悓鎰忚畩鏇翠簨闋�锛屾偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)浜庤畩鏇翠簨闋呯⒑瀹氱殑鐢熸晥鏃ュ墠鑱�(li谩n)绯荤編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙嶉鎰忚銆傚鍙嶉鎰忚寰椾互閲囩磵锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)灏囬厡鎯呰(di脿o)鏁磋畩鏇翠簨闋呫€�
濡傛偍灏嶅凡鐢熸晥鐨勮畩鏇翠簨闋呬粛涓嶅悓鎰忕殑锛屾偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)浜庤畩鏇翠簨闋呯⒑瀹氱殑鐢熸晥涔嬫棩璧峰仠姝娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岃畩鏇翠簨闋呭皪鎮ㄤ笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鍔�锛涘鎮ㄥ湪璁婃洿浜嬮爡鐢熸晥鍚庝粛绻肩簩(x霉)浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽墖瑕栫偤鎮ㄥ悓鎰忓凡鐢熸晥鐨勮畩鏇翠簨闋�銆�
鍗�銆侀€氱煡
10.1 鏈夋晥鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮�
鎮ㄥ湪娉ㄥ唺鎴愮偤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐢ㄦ埗锛屽苟鎺ュ彈缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鏅傦紝鎮ㄦ噳(y墨ng)瑭插悜缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵鐪熷鏈夋晥鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忥紙鍖呮嫭鎮ㄧ殑闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃銆佽伅(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭便€佽伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€绛夛級锛屽皪浜庤伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鏇寸殑锛屾偍鏈夌京鍕�(w霉)鍙婃檪鏇存柊鏈夐棞(gu膩n)淇℃伅锛屽苟淇濇寔鍙鑱�(li谩n)绯荤殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆�
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)灏囧悜鎮ㄧ殑涓婅堪鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕殑鍏朵腑涔嬩竴鎴栧叾涓嫢骞插悜鎮ㄩ€侀仈鍚勯閫氱煡锛岃€屾椤為€氱煡鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲鑳藉皪鎮ㄧ殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒╃京鍕�(w霉)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼噸澶х殑鏈夊埄鎴栦笉鍒╁奖闊匡紝璜嬫偍鍕�(w霉)蹇呭強鏅傞棞(gu膩n)娉�銆�
鎮ㄦ湁娆�(qu谩n)閫氶亷鎮ㄦ敞鍐婃檪濉鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰兼垨鑰呴浕瀛愰兊绠辩嵅鍙栨偍鎰熻垐瓒ｇ殑鍟嗗搧寤ｅ憡淇℃伅銆佷績閵峰劒(y艒u)鎯犵瓑鍟嗘キ(y猫)鎬т俊鎭�锛涙偍濡傛灉涓嶆効鎰忔帴鏀舵椤炰俊鎭�锛屾偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)閫氶亷缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵鐨勭浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯€€瑷傚姛鑳介€茶閫€瑷傘€�
10.2 閫氱煡鐨勯€侀仈
缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)閫氶亷涓婅堪鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忓悜鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑洪€氱煡锛屽叾涓互闆诲瓙鐨勬柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鍑虹殑鏇搁潰閫氱煡锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庡湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍏憡锛屽悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑鑱�(li谩n)绯婚浕瑭辩櫦(f膩)閫佹墜姗熺煭淇�锛屽悜鎮ㄦ彁渚涚殑闆诲瓙閮典欢鍦板潃鐧�(f膩)閫侀浕瀛愰兊浠�锛屽悜鎮ㄧ殑璩櫉鐧�(f膩)閫佹椇鏃轰俊鎭�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)娑堟伅浠ュ強绔欏収(n猫i)淇′俊鎭�锛屽湪鐧�(f膩)閫佹垚鍔熷悗鍗宠鐐洪€侀仈锛涗互绱欒唱(zh矛)杓夐珨鐧�(f膩)鍑虹殑鏇搁潰閫氱煡锛屾寜鐓ф彁渚涜伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€浜ら兊鍚庣殑绗簲鍊嬭嚜鐒舵棩鍗宠鐐洪€侀仈銆�
灏嶄簬鍦ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭涓婂洜浜ゆ槗娲诲嫊寮曡捣鐨勪换浣曠尘绱�锛屾偍鍚屾剰鍙告硶姗熼棞(gu膩n)锛堝寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝汉姘戞硶闄級鍙互閫氶亷鎵嬫鐭俊銆侀浕瀛愰兊浠剁瓑鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｉ€氳▕鏂瑰紡鎴栭兊瀵勬柟寮忓悜鎮ㄩ€侀仈娉曞緥鏂囨浉锛堝寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庤ù瑷熸枃鏇革級銆傛偍鎸囧畾鎺ユ敹娉曞緥鏂囨浉鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰�銆侀浕瀛愰兊绠辩瓑鑱�(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕偤鎮ㄥ湪缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭娉ㄥ唺銆佹洿鏂版檪鎻愪緵鐨勬墜姗熻櫉纰�銆侀浕瀛愰兊绠辫伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忥紝鍙告硶姗熼棞(gu膩n)鍚戜笂杩拌伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忕櫦(f膩)鍑烘硶寰嬫枃鏇稿嵆瑕栫偤閫侀仈銆傛偍鎸囧畾鐨勯兊瀵勫湴鍧€鐐烘偍鐨勬硶瀹氳伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€鎴栨偍鎻愪緵鐨勬湁鏁堣伅(li谩n)绯诲湴鍧€銆�
鎮ㄥ悓鎰忓徃娉曟闂�(gu膩n)鍙噰鍙栦互涓婁竴绋垨澶氱ó閫侀仈鏂瑰紡鍚戞偍閬旀硶寰嬫枃鏇革紝鍙告硶姗熼棞(gu膩n)閲囧彇澶氱ó鏂瑰紡鍚戞偍閫侀仈娉曞緥鏂囨浉锛岄€侀仈鏅傞枔浠ヤ笂杩伴€侀仈鏂瑰紡涓渶鍏堥€侀仈鐨勭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�
鎮ㄥ悓鎰忎笂杩伴€侀仈鏂瑰紡閬╃敤浜庡悇鍊嬪徃娉曠▼搴忛殠娈�銆傚閫插叆瑷磋绋嬪簭鐨�锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庝竴瀵�銆佷簩瀵�銆佸啀瀵�銆佸煼(zh铆)琛屼互鍙婄潱淇冪▼搴忕瓑銆�
浣犳噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)淇濊瓑鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忔槸婧�(zh菙n)纰�銆佹湁鏁堢殑锛屽苟閫茶瀵︽檪鏇存柊銆傚鏋滃洜鎻愪緵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮忎笉纰哄垏锛屾垨涓嶅強鏅傚憡鐭ヨ畩鏇村悗鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯绘柟寮�锛屼娇娉曞緥鏂囨浉鐒℃硶閫侀仈鎴栨湭鍙婃檪閫侀仈锛岀敱鎮ㄨ嚜琛屾壙鎿�(d膩n)鐢辨鍙兘鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑娉曞緥鍚庢灉銆�
鍗佷竴銆佸崝(xi茅)璀扮殑绲傛
11.1 绲傛鐨勬儏褰�
銆愮敤鎴剁櫦(f膩)璧风殑绲傛銆戞偍鏈夋瑠(qu谩n)閫氶亷浠ヤ笅浠讳竴鏂瑰紡绲傛鏈崝(xi茅)璀帮細
锛堜竴锛夊湪婊胯冻缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鍏ず鐨勮超鎴舵敞閵锋浠舵檪鎮ㄩ€氶亷缍�(w菐ng)绔欒嚜鍔╂湇鍕�(w霉)娉ㄩ姺鎮ㄧ殑璩埗鐨�锛�
锛堜簩锛夎畩鏇翠簨闋呯敓鏁堝墠鎮ㄥ仠姝娇鐢ㄥ苟鏄庣ず涓嶆効鎺ュ彈璁婃洿浜嬮爡鐨勶紱
锛堜笁锛夋偍鏄庣ず涓嶆効绻肩簩(x霉)浣跨敤缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屼笖绗﹀悎缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭绲傛姊濅欢鐨�銆�
銆愮編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐧�(f膩)璧风殑绲傛銆戝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浠ヤ笅鎯呮硜鏅�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙互鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮鍏鐨勬墍鍒楃殑鏂瑰紡閫氱煡鎮ㄧ祩姝㈡湰鍗�(xi茅)璀帮細
锛堜竴锛夋偍閬曞弽鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮磩瀹�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)渚濇摎(j霉)閬曠磩姊濇绲傛鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮殑锛�
锛堜簩锛夋偍鐩滅敤浠栦汉璩埗銆佺櫦(f膩)甯冮仌绂佷俊鎭�銆侀鍙栦粬浜鸿病鐗�銆佸敭鍋�銆佹摼浜傚競鍫寸З搴�銆侀噰鍙栦笉姝ｇ暥(d膩ng)鎵嬫璎€鍒╃瓑琛岀偤锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)渚濇摎(j霉)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧皪鎮ㄧ殑璩埗浜堜互鏌ュ皝鐨�锛�
锛堜笁锛夐櫎涓婅堪鎯呭舰澶�锛屽洜鎮ㄥ娆￠仌鍙嶇編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩浉闂�(gu膩n)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氫笖鎯呯瘈(ji茅)鍤�(y谩n)閲嶏紝缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)渚濇摎(j霉)缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧皪鎮ㄧ殑璩埗浜堜互鏌ュ皝鐨�锛�
锛堝洓锛夋偍鐨勮超鎴惰缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)渚濇摎(j霉)鏈崝(xi茅)璀板洖鏀剁殑锛�
锛堜簲锛夊叾瀹冩噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)绲傛鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勬儏娉�銆�
11.2 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮祩姝㈠悗鐨勮檿鐞�
銆愮敤鎴朵俊鎭姭闇层€戞湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮祩姝㈠悗锛岄櫎娉曞緥鏈夋槑纰鸿(gu墨)瀹氬锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鐒＄京鍕�(w霉)鍚戞偍鎴栨偍鎸囧畾鐨勭涓夋柟鎶湶鎮ㄨ超鎴朵腑鐨勪换浣曚俊鎭�銆�
銆愮編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)娆�(qu谩n)鍒┿€戞湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮祩姝㈠悗锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)浠嶄韩鏈変笅鍒楁瑠(qu谩n)鍒╋細
锛堜竴锛夌辜绾�(x霉)淇濆瓨鎮ㄧ暀瀛樹簬缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鐨勬湰鍗�(xi茅)璀扮浜旀鎵€鍒楃殑鍚勯淇℃伅锛�
锛堜簩锛夊皪浜庢偍閬庡線鐨勯仌绱勮鐐�锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)浠嶅彲渚濇摎(j霉)鏈崝(xi茅)璀板悜鎮ㄨ拷绌堕仌绱勮铂(z茅)浠汇€�
銆愪氦鏄撹檿鐞嗐€�鏈崝(xi茅)璀扮祩姝㈠悗锛屽皪浜庢偍鍦ㄦ湰鍗�(xi茅)璀板瓨绾�(x霉)鏈熼枔鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑浜ゆ槗瑷傚柈锛岀編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)鍙€氱煡浜ゆ槗鐩稿皪鏂瑰苟鏍规摎(j霉)浜ゆ槗鐩稿皪鏂圭殑鎰忔効姹哄畾鏄惁闂�(gu膩n)闁夎┎绛変氦鏄撹▊鍠�锛涘浜ゆ槗鐩稿皪鏂硅姹傜辜绾�(x霉)灞ヨ鐨勶紝鍓囨偍鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)灏辫┎绛変氦鏄撹▊鍠辜绾�(x霉)灞ヨ鏈崝(xi茅)璀板強浜ゆ槗瑷傚柈鐨勭磩瀹�锛屽苟鎵挎摂(d膩n)鍥犳鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑浠讳綍鎼嶅け鎴栧鍔犵殑浠讳綍璨荤敤銆�
鍗佷簩銆佹硶寰嬮仼鐢ㄣ€佺杞勮垏鍏朵粬
銆愭硶寰嬮仼鐢ㄣ€戞湰鍗�(xi茅)璀颁箣瑷傜珛銆佺敓鏁�銆佽В閲�銆佷慨瑷�銆佽鍏�銆佺祩姝�銆佸煼(zh铆)琛岃垏鐖瑙ｆ焙鍧囬仼鐢ㄤ腑鑿汉姘戝叡鍜屽湅澶ч櫢鍦板崁(q奴)娉曞緥锛涘娉曞緥鐒＄浉闂�(gu膩n)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑锛屽弮鐓у晢妤�(y猫)鎱ｄ緥鍙�/鎴栬妤�(y猫)鎱ｄ緥銆�
銆愮杞勩€戞偍鍥犱娇鐢ㄧ編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎵€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷強鑸囩編瀹圭編楂旂恫(w菐ng)骞宠嚭鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勭埈璀�锛岀敱缇庡缇庨珨缍�(w菐ng)鑸囨偍鍗�(xi茅)鍟嗚В姹�銆傚崝(xi茅)鍟嗕笉鎴愭檪锛屼换浣曚竴鏂瑰潎鍙悜琚憡鎵€鍦ㄥ湴鏈夌杞勬瑠(qu谩n)鐨勪汉姘戞硶闄㈡彁璧疯ù瑷�銆�
銆愬彲鍒嗘€с€戞湰鍗�(xi茅)璀颁换涓€姊濇琚鐐哄虎姝€€佺劇鏁堟垨涓嶅彲鍩�(zh铆)琛�锛岃┎姊濇噳(y墨ng)瑕栫偤鍙垎鐨勪笖骞朵笉褰遍熆鏈崝(xi茅)璀板叾浣欐娆剧殑鏈夋晥鎬у強鍙煼(zh铆)琛屾€�銆�
